Federal Income Tax Calculator
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Federal Income Tax Calculator
Calculate Tax
Estimated Federal Income Tax
$0.00
Understanding Federal Income Tax Calculation
Calculating federal income tax involves a progressive tax system, meaning that higher portions of your income are taxed at higher rates. The U.S. uses a system of tax brackets, where different parts of your income fall into specific brackets, each with its own tax rate.
How it Works:
Determine Taxable Income: This is your Adjusted Gross Income (AGI) minus any deductions (either the standard deduction or itemized deductions).Identify Filing Status: Your filing status (Single, Married Filing Jointly, Married Filing Separately, Head of Household) significantly impacts the tax brackets and standard deduction amounts.Apply Tax Brackets: Based on your taxable income and filing status, your income is divided into portions that correspond to different tax brackets. The tax for each bracket is calculated separately and then summed up.
Example (Simplified for Tax Year 2023, Single Filer):
Let's say your Taxable Income is $60,000 and you are filing as Single for 2023 .
The first $11,000 is taxed at 10%. Tax = $11,000 * 0.10 = $1,100
The income between $11,001 and $44,725 is taxed at 12%. This portion is $44,725 – $11,000 = $33,725. Tax = $33,725 * 0.12 = $4,047
The remaining income, from $44,726 up to your $60,000 taxable income, is taxed at 22%. This portion is $60,000 – $44,725 = $15,275. Tax = $15,275 * 0.22 = $3,360.50
Total Estimated Tax: $1,100 + $4,047 + $3,360.50 = $8,507.50
Tax Brackets (Illustrative for 2023 – Actual brackets vary by year and filing status):
The following are simplified examples of tax brackets. The exact income ranges change annually. This calculator uses IRS data for the selected tax year.
Single Filer (2023):
10%: $0 to $11,000
12%: $11,001 to $44,725
22%: $44,726 to $95,375
24%: $95,376 to $182,100
32%: $182,101 to $231,250
35%: $231,251 to $578,125
37%: Over $578,125
Married Filing Jointly (2023):
10%: $0 to $22,000
12%: $22,001 to $89,450
22%: $89,451 to $190,750
24%: $190,751 to $364,200
32%: $364,201 to $462,500
35%: $462,501 to $693,750
37%: Over $693,750
Note: This calculator provides an estimate based on typical tax bracket information. It does not account for all tax credits, deductions, or special tax situations. Consult a tax professional for precise advice.
function calculateTax() {
var taxableIncome = parseFloat(document.getElementById("taxableIncome").value);
var filingStatus = document.getElementById("filingStatus").value;
var taxYear = document.getElementById("taxYear").value;
var taxAmount = 0;
if (isNaN(taxableIncome) || taxableIncome < 0) {
alert("Please enter a valid taxable income.");
return;
}
var brackets = {};
// Define tax brackets based on year and filing status
if (taxYear === "2023") {
if (filingStatus === "single") {
brackets = {
rate10: { limit: 11000, rate: 0.10 },
rate12: { limit: 44725, rate: 0.12 },
rate22: { limit: 95375, rate: 0.22 },
rate24: { limit: 182100, rate: 0.24 },
rate32: { limit: 231250, rate: 0.32 },
rate35: { limit: 578125, rate: 0.35 },
rate37: { limit: Infinity, rate: 0.37 }
};
} else if (filingStatus === "married_jointly") {
brackets = {
rate10: { limit: 22000, rate: 0.10 },
rate12: { limit: 89450, rate: 0.12 },
rate22: { limit: 190750, rate: 0.22 },
rate24: { limit: 364200, rate: 0.24 },
rate32: { limit: 462500, rate: 0.32 },
rate35: { limit: 693750, rate: 0.35 },
rate37: { limit: Infinity, rate: 0.37 }
};
} else if (filingStatus === "married_separately") {
brackets = {
rate10: { limit: 11000, rate: 0.10 },
rate12: { limit: 44725, rate: 0.12 },
rate22: { limit: 95375, rate: 0.22 },
rate24: { limit: 182100, rate: 0.24 },
rate32: { limit: 231250, rate: 0.32 },
rate35: { limit: 289062.5, rate: 0.35 }, // Half of MFJ bracket
rate37: { limit: Infinity, rate: 0.37 }
};
} else if (filingStatus === "head_of_household") {
brackets = {
rate10: { limit: 15700, rate: 0.10 },
rate12: { limit: 59850, rate: 0.12 },
rate22: { limit: 95350, rate: 0.22 },
rate24: { limit: 182100, rate: 0.24 },
rate32: { limit: 231250, rate: 0.32 },
rate35: { limit: 578125, rate: 0.35 },
rate37: { limit: Infinity, rate: 0.37 }
};
}
} else if (taxYear === "2022") {
if (filingStatus === "single") {
brackets = {
rate10: { limit: 10275, rate: 0.10 },
rate12: { limit: 41775, rate: 0.12 },
rate22: { limit: 89075, rate: 0.22 },
rate24: { limit: 170050, rate: 0.24 },
rate32: { limit: 215950, rate: 0.32 },
rate35: { limit: 539900, rate: 0.35 },
rate37: { limit: Infinity, rate: 0.37 }
};
} else if (filingStatus === "married_jointly") {
brackets = {
rate10: { limit: 20550, rate: 0.10 },
rate12: { limit: 83550, rate: 0.12 },
rate22: { limit: 178150, rate: 0.22 },
rate24: { limit: 340100, rate: 0.24 },
rate32: { limit: 431900, rate: 0.32 },
rate35: { limit: 647850, rate: 0.35 },
rate37: { limit: Infinity, rate: 0.37 }
};
} else if (filingStatus === "married_separately") {
brackets = {
rate10: { limit: 10275, rate: 0.10 },
rate12: { limit: 41775, rate: 0.12 },
rate22: { limit: 89075, rate: 0.22 },
rate24: { limit: 170050, rate: 0.24 },
rate32: { limit: 215950, rate: 0.32 },
rate35: { limit: 323925, rate: 0.35 }, // Half of MFJ bracket
rate37: { limit: Infinity, rate: 0.37 }
};
} else if (filingStatus === "head_of_household") {
brackets = {
rate10: { limit: 14650, rate: 0.10 },
rate12: { limit: 59150, rate: 0.12 },
rate22: { limit: 94450, rate: 0.22 },
rate24: { limit: 182100, rate: 0.24 },
rate32: { limit: 231250, rate: 0.32 },
rate35: { limit: 578125, rate: 0.35 },
rate37: { limit: Infinity, rate: 0.37 }
};
}
} else if (taxYear === "2021") {
if (filingStatus === "single") {
brackets = {
rate10: { limit: 9950, rate: 0.10 },
rate12: { limit: 40525, rate: 0.12 },
rate22: { limit: 86375, rate: 0.22 },
rate24: { limit: 164925, rate: 0.24 },
rate32: { limit: 209425, rate: 0.32 },
rate35: { limit: 523600, rate: 0.35 },
rate37: { limit: Infinity, rate: 0.37 }
};
} else if (filingStatus === "married_jointly") {
brackets = {
rate10: { limit: 19900, rate: 0.10 },
rate12: { limit: 81050, rate: 0.12 },
rate22: { limit: 172750, rate: 0.22 },
rate24: { limit: 329850, rate: 0.24 },
rate32: { limit: 418850, rate: 0.32 },
rate35: { limit: 628300, rate: 0.35 },
rate37: { limit: Infinity, rate: 0.37 }
};
} else if (filingStatus === "married_separately") {
brackets = {
rate10: { limit: 9950, rate: 0.10 },
rate12: { limit: 40525, rate: 0.12 },
rate22: { limit: 86375, rate: 0.22 },
rate24: { limit: 164925, rate: 0.24 },
rate32: { limit: 209425, rate: 0.32 },
rate35: { limit: 314150, rate: 0.35 }, // Half of MFJ bracket
rate37: { limit: Infinity, rate: 0.37 }
};
} else if (filingStatus === "head_of_household") {
brackets = {
rate10: { limit: 14200, rate: 0.10 },
rate12: { limit: 57800, rate: 0.12 },
rate22: { limit: 88450, rate: 0.22 },
rate24: { limit: 172050, rate: 0.24 },
rate32: { limit: 215950, rate: 0.32 },
rate35: { limit: 539900, rate: 0.35 },
rate37: { limit: Infinity, rate: 0.37 }
};
}
}
var incomeRemaining = taxableIncome;
var totalTax = 0;
var bracketDefinitions = [brackets.rate10, brackets.rate12, brackets.rate22, brackets.rate24, brackets.rate32, brackets.rate35, brackets.rate37];
for (var i = 0; i < bracketDefinitions.length; i++) {
var bracket = bracketDefinitions[i];
var taxableInBracket = 0;
if (incomeRemaining = bracket.limit) {
taxableInBracket = bracket.limit – (i > 0 ? bracketDefinitions[i-1].limit : 0);
totalTax += taxableInBracket * bracket.rate;
incomeRemaining -= taxableInBracket;
} else {
taxableInBracket = incomeRemaining;
totalTax += taxableInBracket * bracket.rate;
incomeRemaining = 0;
}
// Handle edge case where limit is 0 for the first bracket
if (i === 0 && bracket.limit === 0) {
taxableInBracket = 0; // No income to tax in a 0 limit bracket
}
}
taxAmount = totalTax;
document.getElementById("taxAmount").innerText = "$" + taxAmount.toFixed(2);
}