Estimate your federal income tax liability for the 2024 tax year.
Single
Married Filing Jointly
Married Filing Separately
Head of Household
Estimated Tax: $0.00
Understanding Your 2024 Tax Liability
Calculating your federal income tax for a given year involves several steps, primarily determining your taxable income and then applying the appropriate tax rates. This calculator provides an estimate for the 2024 tax year, which you will typically file in 2025.
Key Concepts:
Adjusted Gross Income (AGI): This is your gross income minus certain specific deductions (often called "above-the-line" deductions). It's a crucial number as it influences eligibility for various tax credits and deductions.
Standard Deduction vs. Itemized Deductions: You can reduce your taxable income by taking either the standard deduction or by itemizing your deductions. The standard deduction is a fixed amount set by the IRS based on your filing status. Itemizing involves summing up eligible expenses like medical costs, state and local taxes (up to a limit), mortgage interest, and charitable donations. Most taxpayers benefit from the standard deduction.
Taxable Income: This is your AGI minus either your standard deduction or your total itemized deductions. This is the amount your tax is calculated on.
Tax Brackets: The U.S. uses a progressive tax system. This means that income is taxed at different rates as it falls into different "brackets." Higher portions of your income are taxed at higher rates, but not your entire income.
How the 2024 Tax Calculation Works (Simplified):
The general formula is:
Taxable Income = AGI - (Standard Deduction or Itemized Deductions)
Once you have your taxable income, it's compared against the 2024 tax brackets specific to your filing status to determine the tax owed.
2024 Federal Income Tax Brackets:
These are the rates for the 2024 tax year (filed in 2025).
Single Filers:
10% on income up to $11,600
12% on income between $11,601 and $47,150
22% on income between $47,151 and $100,525
24% on income between $100,526 and $191,950
32% on income between $191,951 and $243,725
35% on income between $243,726 and $609,350
37% on income over $609,350
Married Filing Jointly:
10% on income up to $23,200
12% on income between $23,201 and $94,300
22% on income between $94,301 and $201,050
24% on income between $201,051 and $383,900
32% on income between $383,901 and $487,450
35% on income between $487,451 and $731,200
37% on income over $731,200
Married Filing Separately:
10% on income up to $11,600
12% on income between $11,601 and $47,150
22% on income between $47,151 and $100,525
24% on income between $100,526 and $191,950
32% on income between $191,951 and $243,725
35% on income between $243,726 and $365,600
37% on income over $365,600
Head of Household:
10% on income up to $16,550
12% on income between $16,551 and $63,100
22% on income between $63,101 and $100,500
24% on income between $100,501 and $191,950
32% on income between $191,951 and $243,700
35% on income between $243,701 and $609,350
37% on income over $609,350
Disclaimer:
This calculator is for estimation purposes only. Tax laws are complex and can change. This tool does not account for all potential deductions, credits, alternative minimum tax (AMT), capital gains taxes, or other specific tax situations. It is recommended to consult with a qualified tax professional or refer to official IRS publications for accurate tax advice and filing.
function calculateTaxes() {
var income = parseFloat(document.getElementById("income").value);
var filingStatus = document.getElementById("filingStatus").value;
var standardDeductionInput = parseFloat(document.getElementById("deductions").value);
var taxableIncome = 0;
var estimatedTax = 0;
// IRS Standard Deduction amounts for 2024
var stdDeduction2024 = {
"single": 14600,
"married_filing_jointly": 29200,
"married_filing_separately": 14600,
"head_of_household": 21900
};
var standardDeduction = standardDeduction2024[filingStatus];
// Use provided deduction amount if it's greater than the standard deduction for the status,
// otherwise use the standard deduction for the status if the input was 0 or less.
var actualDeduction = standardDeductionInput > 0 ? Math.max(standardDeductionInput, standardDeduction) : standardDeduction;
if (isNaN(income) || income < 0) {
alert("Please enter a valid Adjusted Gross Income.");
return;
}
if (isNaN(standardDeductionInput) || standardDeductionInput < 0) {
alert("Please enter a valid deduction amount. Enter 0 if using standard deduction.");
return;
}
taxableIncome = income – actualDeduction;
if (taxableIncome < 0) {
taxableIncome = 0;
}
// 2024 Tax Brackets (defined by IRS)
var taxBrackets = {
"single": [
{ limit: 11600, rate: 0.10 },
{ limit: 47150, rate: 0.12 },
{ limit: 100525, rate: 0.22 },
{ limit: 191950, rate: 0.24 },
{ limit: 243725, rate: 0.32 },
{ limit: 609350, rate: 0.35 },
{ limit: Infinity, rate: 0.37 }
],
"married_filing_jointly": [
{ limit: 23200, rate: 0.10 },
{ limit: 94300, rate: 0.12 },
{ limit: 201050, rate: 0.22 },
{ limit: 383900, rate: 0.24 },
{ limit: 487450, rate: 0.32 },
{ limit: 731200, rate: 0.35 },
{ limit: Infinity, rate: 0.37 }
],
"married_filing_separately": [
{ limit: 11600, rate: 0.10 },
{ limit: 47150, rate: 0.12 },
{ limit: 100525, rate: 0.22 },
{ limit: 191950, rate: 0.24 },
{ limit: 243725, rate: 0.32 },
{ limit: 365600, rate: 0.35 },
{ limit: Infinity, rate: 0.37 }
],
"head_of_household": [
{ limit: 16550, rate: 0.10 },
{ limit: 63100, rate: 0.12 },
{ limit: 100500, rate: 0.22 },
{ limit: 191950, rate: 0.24 },
{ limit: 243700, rate: 0.32 },
{ limit: 609350, rate: 0.35 },
{ limit: Infinity, rate: 0.37 }
]
};
var brackets = taxBrackets[filingStatus];
var incomeToTax = taxableIncome;
var currentIncome = 0;
for (var i = 0; i 0) {
if (i === 0) {
taxableInBracket = Math.min(incomeToTax, bracket.limit);
} else {
var previousLimit = brackets[i-1].limit;
taxableInBracket = Math.min(incomeToTax, bracket.limit – previousLimit);
}
if (taxableInBracket > 0) {
estimatedTax += taxableInBracket * bracket.rate;
incomeToTax -= taxableInBracket;
}
} else {
break;
}
}
document.getElementById("result").innerHTML = "Estimated Tax: $" + estimatedTax.toFixed(2) + "";
}