Your essential tool for managing your character's load in Dungeons & Dragons 5th Edition.
Character Load Capacity Calculator
Your character's Strength modifier is crucial for carrying capacity.
Typically 15x Strength Score (e.g., 15 x 10 = 150).
Use this for large objects, like siege engines or tons of grain. Defaults to 0 for most items.
None
Chain Mail
Splint
Plate
Heavy armor can impose disadvantage on certain checks; its weight is often abstracted but can be factored in.
Your Character's Load
0 lbs
Strength Modifier
0
Base Carrying Capacity
0 lbs
Total Weight Carried
0 lbs
How it's calculated:
Base Carrying Capacity = Strength Score * 15.
Your Total Weight Carried is the sum of all items you are tracking.
You are Encumbered if your Total Weight Carried exceeds your Base Carrying Capacity.
Inventory Weight Tracker
Item Name
Quantity
Weight per Item (lbs)
Total Item Weight (lbs)
3.0
2.0
7.0
5.0
10.0
Carrying Capacity vs. Total Weight
Visualizing your character's current load against their maximum carrying capacity.
What is D&D Carry Weight?
In Dungeons & Dragons (D&D), "carry weight" refers to the total amount of mass a character can comfortably and effectively carry. This is a crucial mechanic in fifth edition (and previous editions) that impacts a character's mobility, combat effectiveness, and even their ability to bring essential adventuring gear. Understanding and managing your D&D carry weight is key to successful adventuring, preventing characters from becoming overburdened and struggling with movement. It's a core element of the game's resource management, akin to tracking spells or hit points.
Who should use it:
Any player or Dungeon Master (DM) running a D&D 5e game needs to understand carry weight. Players benefit from knowing their limits to make informed decisions about what gear to purchase, carry, and leave behind. DMs use these rules to enforce realism, create challenges, and ensure fair play. It's particularly important for characters who might gather a lot of loot, such as rogues or treasure-hunting fighters, or those in survival-focused campaigns.
Common misconceptions:
A frequent misunderstanding is that carry weight is solely determined by Strength. While Strength is the primary factor, other elements like armor type and specific class features can influence it, albeit indirectly or through rule interpretations. Another misconception is that encumbrance penalties are too minor to matter; however, for characters reliant on movement or specific actions, even small penalties can be significant. Some players also believe it's an optional rule and can be ignored entirely, which can trivialize exploration and resource management aspects of the game.
D&D Carry Weight Formula and Mathematical Explanation
The core mechanic for determining a character's carrying capacity in Dungeons & Dragons 5th Edition is straightforward and directly tied to their Strength score. This system aims to provide a tangible representation of a character's physical power in relation to the gear they carry.
The Primary Formula
The base carrying capacity for a creature is calculated as follows:
Base Carrying Capacity = Strength Score × 15
This result is typically measured in pounds (lbs). For example, a character with a Strength score of 14 would have a base carrying capacity of 14 * 15 = 210 lbs.
Encumbrance Rules
D&D 5e outlines specific encumbrance tiers that affect a character's performance once their carried weight exceeds their base carrying capacity:
Not Encumbered: Carrying capacity up to your Strength score multiplied by 5 (this is the actual carrying capacity, not base).
Encumbered: Carrying a total weight, inclusive of equipment, that is equal to or greater than your Strength score × 5 but less than your Strength score × 10. With this much weight, your speed drops by 10 feet.
Heavily Encumbered: Carrying a total weight, inclusive of equipment, that is equal to or greater than your Strength score × 10 but less than your Strength score × 15.
Extremely Heavily Encumbered: Carrying a total weight, inclusive of equipment, that is equal to or greater than your Strength score × 15. You are incapacitated if your speed drops to 0.
Note on "Strength Score x 5" and "Strength Score x 10": The rules in the Player's Handbook (PHB) on page 176 state: "Your carrying capacity is 15 times your Strength score. This determines the weight (in pounds) that you can drag, haul, or lift." The encumbrance rules are then defined as: "You are encumbered if your carrying capacity is, inclusive of equipment, equal to or greater than your Strength score × 5 but less than your Strength score × 10. You are heavily encumbered if your carrying capacity is, inclusive of equipment, equal to or greater than your Strength score × 10 but less than your Strength score × 15." The calculator presented here simplifies by focusing on the primary "carrying capacity" (Strength x 15) and indicating the "Total Weight Carried" which allows players to compare against the defined tiers. The "Base Carrying Capacity" displayed in the calculator reflects this "Strength x 15" value.
Variable Explanations
The calculation involves a few key variables:
D&D Carry Weight Variables
Variable
Meaning
Unit
Typical Range
Strength Score
The numerical value of a character's Strength ability score.
Score (Unitless)
3 – 30
Base Carrying Capacity
The maximum weight a character can carry without suffering penalties.
Pounds (lbs)
45 – 450 (for typical PCs)
Total Weight Carried
The sum of the weights of all items, equipment, and gear a character possesses.
Pounds (lbs)
0 – Effectively unlimited, though heavily penalized.
Strength Modifier
The bonus or penalty derived from the Strength Score (e.g., +0 for STR 10-11, +1 for STR 12-13, +2 for STR 14-15, +3 for STR 16-17, +4 for STR 18-19, +5 for STR 20-21, etc.). Calculated as (Strength Score – 10) / 2, rounded down.
Modifier (Unitless)
-5 to +10 (for typical PCs)
Heavy Armor Penalty
Additional weight from heavy armor that might be considered, often abstracted. Plate armor is heavy.
Pounds (lbs)
0 (None) – 65 (Plate)
Weight per Square Foot
An optional, advanced rule for very large objects (like siege weapons or building materials) where weight is estimated by volume.
Pounds per Square Foot (lbs/sq ft)
0.1 – 10+
Practical Examples (Real-World Use Cases)
Let's explore some scenarios to illustrate how D&D carry weight works in practice.
Example 1: The Stalwart Warrior
Character: Gorok, a Human Fighter. Stats: Strength Score = 18. Equipment: Plate armor (65 lbs), Greatsword (2 lbs), Shield (6 lbs), Adventurer's Pack (60 lbs), 100 ft of Rope (10 lbs), 50 gp (0.5 lbs), 10 Potions of Healing (2 lbs).
Interpretation: Gorok is carrying 145.5 lbs. His maximum carrying capacity is 270 lbs. Since 145.5 lbs is less than 270 lbs, Gorok is not encumbered at all. He has plenty of room to pick up more treasure or gear.
Interpretation: Lyra is carrying 81.75 lbs. Her maximum carrying capacity is 150 lbs. Since 81.75 lbs is less than 150 lbs, Lyra is not encumbered. She could carry more, but as a rogue, she prioritizes avoiding penalties that might affect stealth or nimble actions, so she keeps her load relatively light.
Example 3: The Overburdened Barbarian
Character: Borin, a Half-Orc Barbarian. Stats: Strength Score = 20. Equipment: Hide armor (12 lbs), Greataxe (2 lbs), Javelins (4 lbs total), Explorer's Pack (55 lbs), 50 ft. of rope (10 lbs), 500 gp (2.5 lbs), 10 days of rations (10 lbs), 2 Potions of Greater Healing (2 lbs), a heavy chest filled with 1000 lbs of gems, and a magical artifact (5 lbs).
Interpretation: Borin is attempting to carry 1002.5 lbs. His maximum carrying capacity is 300 lbs. This weight far exceeds his capacity. He is "Extremely Heavily Encumbered" (weight > 15x STR Score) and likely incapacitated or severely limited in movement. He would need assistance, a cart, or to abandon a significant portion of his loot.
How to Use This D&D Carry Weight Calculator
Our D&D Carry Weight Calculator is designed to be intuitive and quick, helping you manage your character's inventory effectively. Here's a step-by-step guide:
Enter Strength Score: Find your character sheet and input your character's current Strength score into the "Strength Score" field. This is the most critical input for determining your carrying capacity.
Check Base Carrying Capacity: The calculator automatically computes your "Base Carrying Capacity" (Strength Score x 15 lbs). This value is displayed and updated in real-time.
Track Your Inventory:
Use the "Inventory Weight Tracker" table. You can edit the default items or add new ones.
For each item, enter its name, quantity, and the weight of a single unit (in pounds).
The "Total Item Weight" for each row will update automatically.
Click "Add Item" to include more rows for additional gear.
See Total Weight Carried: The calculator sums up the "Total Item Weight" from all your inventory rows to show your "Total Weight Carried."
Review Results:
Main Result: The prominent "Your Character's Load" displays the "Total Weight Carried." Below it, you'll see your "Base Carrying Capacity." Compare these numbers to understand your current situation.
Intermediate Values: Check the "Strength Modifier" and "Base Carrying Capacity" for quick reference.
Interpret Encumbrance:
If "Total Weight Carried" is less than or equal to "Base Carrying Capacity," you are not encumbered.
If "Total Weight Carried" is greater than "Base Carrying Capacity," you are likely carrying too much. The exact thresholds for penalties (encumbered, heavily encumbered, etc.) are explained in the formula section, but generally, exceeding your Base Carrying Capacity means you're facing penalties.
Make Decisions: Based on the results, decide what to do. If overburdened, consider dropping less essential items, hiring help (like a pack animal), using magic (like Bag of Holding), or finding creative solutions with your DM.
Reset or Copy: Use the "Reset" button to clear inputs and start fresh, or "Copy Results" to save your current calculations.
Decision-Making Guidance: Always aim to keep your "Total Weight Carried" below your "Base Carrying Capacity." If you anticipate needing to carry heavy loads (like loot from a dragon's hoard), plan ahead. Consider items that reduce weight or increase carrying capacity, such as magical items or abilities granted by your race or class. The "Weight per Square Foot" is an advanced option for DMs dealing with massive objects; most players won't need it for typical adventuring gear.
Key Factors That Affect D&D Carry Weight Results
While the core formula is simple, several factors influence how carry weight impacts your D&D adventures:
Strength Score: This is the bedrock of your carrying capacity. A higher Strength score directly translates to a higher weight limit. Investing in Strength is crucial for characters who anticipate carrying a lot.
Individual Item Weights: Every item in D&D has a listed weight. Inaccurate weights (either by player oversight or DM ruling) will skew the "Total Weight Carried." Pay attention to the specifics, especially for bulky items like armor, tents, or large weapons.
Quantity of Items: Carrying multiple copies of the same item, or a large number of small components, can add up quickly. A stack of 100 torches might weigh less individually than a single greataxe, but collectively they can be substantial.
Armor Choice: Heavy armor, particularly plate mail, contributes significantly to a character's carried weight. While it offers excellent protection, it demands a higher Strength score not just to wear without disadvantage (if applicable), but also to ensure it doesn't heavily encumber the wearer.
Magical Items and Abilities: Items like the Bag of Holding, Handy Haversack, or spells like Enlarge/Reduce can effectively alter or bypass normal carry weight rules. Certain racial traits or class features might also grant bonuses to carrying capacity or reduce the weight of certain items.
DM Rulings and House Rules: The "Weight per Square Foot" mechanic is an optional rule. Some DMs might also adjust standard item weights, introduce carrying limits for mounts, or have specific rules for encumbrance penalties that differ slightly from the PHB. Always confirm your DM's interpretation of these rules.
"Loot" and Treasure: The most common reason players become encumbered is the desire to carry back as much treasure as possible. Gold coins have weight (50 coins per pound), gems and art objects can be heavy, and valuable raw materials like mithril ore or dragon scales add up. Managing the weight of acquired treasure is a classic D&D challenge.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
What is the maximum Strength score in D&D 5e?
The standard maximum Strength score for a character is 20. However, through certain magic items (like the Belt of Giant Strength) or specific character options, a Strength score can be raised above 20, potentially increasing carrying capacity significantly.
Does encumbrance affect speed?
Yes. According to the Player's Handbook, if you are carrying a total weight equal to or greater than your Strength score × 5 but less than your Strength score × 10, your speed is reduced by 10 feet. If you are carrying a total weight equal to or greater than your Strength score × 10 but less than your Strength score × 15, your speed is reduced by 20 feet. If you are carrying a total weight equal to or greater than your Strength score × 15, your speed drops to 0 and you are incapacitated.
How much does gold weigh?
In D&D 5e, gold coins are standardized: 50 gold pieces weigh 1 pound. Therefore, 1 gp weighs approximately 0.02 lbs (1/50). Silver, copper, platinum, and electrum coins are also listed with specific weights.
What if my character has a Strength score of 1?
A Strength score of 1 yields a Strength modifier of -5. Your base carrying capacity would be 1 * 15 = 15 lbs. The encumbrance rules would still apply: encumbered at 5 lbs, heavily encumbered at 10 lbs, and incapacitated at 15 lbs. This is an extreme case, often representing a character with a debilitating condition or a very unusual build.
Can a mount carry more than a character?
Yes, mounts typically have much higher carrying capacities due to their size and strength. For example, a horse can typically carry around 300-330 lbs. DMs often track this separately or allow players to load gear onto a mount to circumvent personal encumbrance penalties.
Should I track every single item's weight?
This depends on your DM and playstyle. For rigorous games, tracking everything is necessary. For more casual play, DMs might abstract common items (like rations or ammunition) or allow players to estimate. However, for significant loot or bulky gear, precise tracking is recommended to avoid surprise encumbrance issues.
What is the difference between lifting, dragging, and hauling?
The PHB specifies:
Lift: You can lift a weight equal to your maximum carrying capacity.
Drag, Hall, or Lift: You can drag, haul, or otherwise move weight in excess of your carrying capacity up to your maximum carrying capacity x 5.
This means while you can only *carry* up to 15x STR, you might be able to *move* up to 75x STR with significant effort (e.g., dragging a chest).
Does wearing heavy armor affect my Strength score?
No, wearing heavy armor does not directly affect your Strength score. However, some heavy armors (like plate mail) impose disadvantage on certain Strength, Dexterity, and Wisdom checks and saves if you do not have proficiency in heavy armor. They also have a significant base weight that contributes to your total carried weight.