Course Weighted Average Calculation Curtin

Curtin Weighted Average Course Calculator :root { –primary-color: #004a99; –success-color: #28a745; –background-color: #f8f9fa; –text-color: #333; –border-color: #ddd; –shadow-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); } body { font-family: 'Segoe UI', Tahoma, Geneva, Verdana, sans-serif; background-color: var(–background-color); color: var(–text-color); line-height: 1.6; margin: 0; padding: 0; display: flex; flex-direction: column; align-items: center; } .container { width: 100%; max-width: 1000px; margin: 20px auto; padding: 20px; background-color: #fff; border-radius: 8px; box-shadow: 0 4px 15px var(–shadow-color); display: flex; flex-direction: column; align-items: center; } h1, h2, h3 { color: var(–primary-color); text-align: center; margin-bottom: 20px; } .loan-calc-container { width: 100%; max-width: 600px; margin: 20px auto; padding: 30px; background-color: #fff; border-radius: 8px; box-shadow: 0 2px 10px var(–shadow-color); } .input-group { margin-bottom: 20px; display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 8px; } label { font-weight: bold; color: var(–primary-color); } input[type="number"], select { padding: 12px; border: 1px solid var(–border-color); border-radius: 4px; font-size: 1rem; box-sizing: border-box; width: 100%; } input[type="number"]:focus, select:focus { border-color: var(–primary-color); outline: none; box-shadow: 0 0 0 2px rgba(0, 74, 153, 0.2); } .helper-text { font-size: 0.85rem; color: #6c757d; margin-top: 5px; } .error-message { color: #dc3545; font-size: 0.9rem; margin-top: 5px; } button { background-color: var(–primary-color); color: white; padding: 12px 20px; border: none; border-radius: 4px; cursor: pointer; font-size: 1.1rem; transition: background-color 0.3s ease; margin-right: 10px; } button:hover { background-color: #003366; } button.secondary { background-color: #6c757d; } button.secondary:hover { background-color: #5a6268; } .results-container { margin-top: 30px; padding: 25px; background-color: var(–primary-color); color: white; border-radius: 8px; text-align: center; box-shadow: inset 0 0 10px rgba(0,0,0,0.2); } .results-container h3 { color: white; margin-bottom: 15px; } .primary-result { font-size: 2.5rem; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 15px; display: inline-block; padding: 10px 20px; border-radius: 5px; background-color: var(–success-color); } .intermediate-results div { margin-bottom: 10px; font-size: 1.1rem; } .intermediate-results span { font-weight: bold; } .formula-explanation { margin-top: 20px; font-size: 0.95rem; color: #6c757d; font-style: italic; } .copy-button { background-color: #17a2b8; margin-top: 15px; } .copy-button:hover { background-color: #138496; } table { width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; margin-top: 30px; } th, td { border: 1px solid var(–border-color); padding: 12px; text-align: left; } th { background-color: var(–primary-color); color: white; font-weight: bold; } td { background-color: #fdfdfd; } caption { caption-side: top; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 10px; color: var(–primary-color); font-size: 1.1rem; text-align: left; } #chartContainer { margin-top: 30px; width: 100%; background-color: #fff; padding: 20px; border-radius: 8px; box-shadow: 0 2px 10px var(–shadow-color); } #chartContainer canvas { width: 100% !important; height: auto !important; } .chart-caption { text-align: center; font-size: 1rem; color: #6c757d; margin-top: 10px; } .article-section { margin-top: 40px; padding: 30px; background-color: #fff; border-radius: 8px; box-shadow: 0 2px 10px var(–shadow-color); } .article-section h2, .article-section h3 { text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px; } .article-section p { margin-bottom: 15px; } .faq-item { margin-bottom: 15px; border-left: 3px solid var(–primary-color); padding-left: 15px; } .faq-item strong { color: var(–primary-color); } .internal-links { margin-top: 30px; padding: 20px; background-color: #e9ecef; border-radius: 8px; } .internal-links h3 { text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px; } .internal-links ul { list-style: none; padding: 0; } .internal-links li { margin-bottom: 10px; } .internal-links a { color: var(–primary-color); text-decoration: none; font-weight: bold; } .internal-links a:hover { text-decoration: underline; } @media (max-width: 768px) { .loan-calc-container { padding: 20px; } button { width: 100%; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-right: 0; } .results-container { padding: 20px; } .primary-result { font-size: 2rem; } }

Curtin Weighted Average Course Calculator

Enter the name or code of your course.
Enter the credit points for this course (e.g., 12.5 for a standard semester unit).
— Select Grade — High Distinction (HD) Distinction (D) Credit (C) Pass (P) Fail (F)
Select your grade or enter a numeric value between 0 and 100.

Your Courses

Course Details
Course Name Credit Points Grade (%) Weighted Score Actions

Overall Weighted Average

Total Credit Points: 0
Total Weighted Score: 0
Number of Courses: 0
Weighted Average = (Sum of [Credit Points * Grade %]) / (Total Credit Points)

Grade Distribution

Visual representation of your course grades.

What is Curtin Weighted Average Course Calculation?

The Curtin weighted average course calculation is a method used to determine a student's overall academic performance by taking into account the credit points assigned to each course and the grade achieved in that course. At Curtin University, like many institutions, not all courses carry the same academic weight. Courses with higher credit points contribute more significantly to your overall Grade Point Average (GPA) and academic standing. This calculation is crucial for understanding your academic progress, determining eligibility for scholarships, honours programs, or postgraduate studies, and identifying areas where you might need to focus your efforts.

This calculation is particularly relevant for students enrolled in Bachelor's degrees, Master's programs, or any course structure at Curtin where different units have varying credit loads. It provides a more accurate reflection of a student's academic achievement than a simple average of grades, as it acknowledges the differing workload and commitment across various subjects. Understanding how to perform this Curtin weighted average course calculation empowers students to set realistic academic goals and effectively manage their study plan.

A common misconception is that all grades contribute equally to the overall average. In reality, a course worth 25 credit points with a Pass (50%) will have a far greater impact on your weighted average than a 6.25 credit point course with a High Distinction (90%). Another misconception is that only the final grade matters; the credit points are the multiplier that dictates the significance of that grade in the overall calculation. Recognizing the importance of both grade and credit points is fundamental to accurately calculating and interpreting your academic performance at Curtin.

Curtin Weighted Average Course Calculation Formula and Mathematical Explanation

The core of the Curtin weighted average course calculation relies on a straightforward yet powerful formula that ensures courses with higher credit points have a proportionally larger impact on the final average. This prevents a high grade in a low-credit unit from artificially inflating an otherwise mediocre academic record.

The formula is as follows:

Weighted Average = ∑(Credit Pointsi × Gradei) / ∑(Credit Pointsi)

Where:

  • ∑ represents summation (adding up all the values).
  • Credit Pointsi is the credit points for an individual course (unit).
  • Gradei is the numerical grade (percentage) achieved in that individual course.

Let's break down the steps involved in a Curtin weighted average course calculation:

  1. Identify all courses taken within the relevant study period (e.g., a semester, year, or entire degree).
  2. Determine the credit points for each course. At Curtin, standard semester units are often 12.5 or 25 credit points, but variations exist.
  3. Convert your final grade for each course into a numerical percentage. For example, High Distinction (HD) might be represented as 85%, Distinction (D) as 75%, Credit (C) as 65%, Pass (P) as 50%, and Fail (F) as 0%. Always use the official numerical equivalents provided by Curtin if available.
  4. Calculate the Weighted Score for each course: Multiply the Credit Points of the course by its numerical Grade. (Credit Points × Grade %).
  5. Sum the Weighted Scores: Add up the Weighted Scores calculated in the previous step for all courses.
  6. Sum the Total Credit Points: Add up the Credit Points for all courses included in the calculation.
  7. Calculate the Weighted Average: Divide the Total Weighted Score (from step 5) by the Total Credit Points (from step 6).

Variables Table for Curtin Weighted Average Calculation

Variables Used in Weighted Average Calculation
Variable Meaning Unit Typical Range (Curtin Context)
Credit Points (CP) The academic weight assigned to a course unit, reflecting its expected workload and contribution to the overall degree. Credit Points 6.25, 12.5, 25 (common for semester units)
Grade (%) The numerical percentage achieved in a course, representing the student's performance. Curtin uses grading levels (HD, D, C, P, F) which are converted to percentages for calculation. Percentage (%) 0 – 100
Weighted Score The product of Credit Points and the Grade (%). This indicates the contribution of a single course to the overall weighted average. Credit Points × % Varies based on CP and Grade
Total Weighted Score The sum of Weighted Scores for all courses considered. Credit Points × % Sum of individual Weighted Scores
Total Credit Points The sum of Credit Points for all courses considered. Credit Points Sum of individual Credit Points
Weighted Average The final calculated average grade, representing overall academic performance, factoring in the weight of each course. Percentage (%) 0 – 100 (often converted to GPA scale)

Practical Examples of Curtin Weighted Average Course Calculation

To solidify understanding, let's walk through a couple of practical scenarios for a Curtin weighted average course calculation.

Example 1: Single Semester Calculation

Consider a student completing a semester with the following courses:

  • ENG101: Introduction to Engineering – 12.5 Credit Points, Grade: Distinction (75%)
  • MATH101: Calculus I – 12.5 Credit Points, Grade: High Distinction (85%)
  • PHYS101: Physics for Engineers – 12.5 Credit Points, Grade: Credit (65%)
  • CHEM101: Chemistry Fundamentals – 6.25 Credit Points, Grade: Pass (50%)

Calculation Steps:

  1. Weighted Scores:
    • ENG101: 12.5 CP * 75% = 937.5
    • MATH101: 12.5 CP * 85% = 1062.5
    • PHYS101: 12.5 CP * 65% = 812.5
    • CHEM101: 6.25 CP * 50% = 312.5
  2. Total Weighted Score: 937.5 + 1062.5 + 812.5 + 312.5 = 3125
  3. Total Credit Points: 12.5 + 12.5 + 12.5 + 6.25 = 43.75
  4. Weighted Average: 3125 / 43.75 = 71.43%

Interpretation: The student's weighted average for this semester is approximately 71.43%. This is closer to a Distinction than a Credit, reflecting the strong performance in the higher credit point MATH101 and ENG101 units.

Example 2: Including a Fail Grade

Imagine a student in a subsequent semester with these results:

  • PROG201: Programming II – 12.5 Credit Points, Grade: High Distinction (90%)
  • DATA301: Data Structures – 12.5 Credit Points, Grade: Credit (68%)
  • NETW301: Networking Fundamentals – 12.5 Credit Points, Grade: Fail (30%)
  • SECURE401: Cybersecurity Principles – 12.5 Credit Points, Grade: Distinction (78%)

Calculation Steps:

  1. Weighted Scores:
    • PROG201: 12.5 CP * 90% = 1125
    • DATA301: 12.5 CP * 68% = 850
    • NETW301: 12.5 CP * 30% = 375
    • SECURE401: 12.5 CP * 78% = 975
  2. Total Weighted Score: 1125 + 850 + 375 + 975 = 3325
  3. Total Credit Points: 12.5 + 12.5 + 12.5 + 12.5 = 50
  4. Weighted Average: 3325 / 50 = 66.5%

Interpretation: Despite a High Distinction in PROG201, the Fail in NETW301 significantly pulls down the weighted average to 66.5% (Credit). This example highlights how a failing grade, especially in a unit with substantial credit points, can heavily impact overall academic standing.

How to Use This Curtin Weighted Average Course Calculator

Our Curtin weighted average course calculator is designed for simplicity and accuracy. Follow these steps to calculate your weighted average:

  1. Enter Course Details: For each course you want to include, fill in the 'Course Name', 'Credit Points', and your 'Grade'. You can select a common grade level (HD, D, C, P, F) which will automatically convert to a standard percentage, or you can directly input a numeric grade between 0 and 100.
  2. Add Course: Click the "Add Course" button after entering the details for a single course. This will add the course to the table below and update the running totals.
  3. Add More Courses: Repeat step 1 and 2 for all the courses you wish to include in your calculation (e.g., for a specific semester or your entire degree).
  4. Review Your Courses: The table will dynamically update, showing each course's details, its calculated weighted score, and allowing you to remove entries if needed.
  5. View Your Results: Once you have added all relevant courses, the "Overall Weighted Average" will be prominently displayed in the results section. You will also see the total credit points accumulated and the total weighted score.
  6. Interpret the Results: The primary result shows your weighted average percentage. Use this figure to gauge your academic performance. For instance, averages above 75% typically indicate a strong performance (Distinction level), while averages between 65% and 74% represent a Credit. Averages below 50% indicate a fail.
  7. Copy Results: Use the "Copy Results" button to easily transfer your calculated weighted average, total credit points, and total weighted score for use elsewhere, such as in applications or personal records.
  8. Reset: If you need to start over, click the "Reset" button to clear all entered courses and return the calculator to its initial state.

Decision-Making Guidance: Use the calculated weighted average to identify trends in your academic performance. If your average is lower than desired, analyze the contributing factors (discussed below) and consider strategies for improvement, such as seeking academic support or adjusting study habits. If your average is strong, consider applying for academic awards or advanced programs. This tool is invaluable for informed academic planning at Curtin.

Key Factors Affecting Curtin Weighted Average Course Results

Several factors can significantly influence the outcome of your Curtin weighted average course calculation and your overall academic standing. Understanding these elements is key to strategizing for academic success:

  1. Credit Point Allocation: As discussed, the credit points assigned to a course are the primary weighting factor. A higher credit point unit carries more influence. A 25 CP unit with a 60% grade will have a greater impact than a 12.5 CP unit with an 80% grade. Strategic course selection, especially in later years where unit weights might vary, can be important.
  2. Numerical Grade Conversion: The specific percentage assigned to each grade category (HD, D, C, P, F) can vary slightly depending on the faculty or specific unit. While this calculator uses common benchmarks (e.g., HD=85%, D=75%), always refer to official Curtin University grading policies for precise conversion if required for formal assessments. Small percentage differences can matter.
  3. Course Difficulty and Subject Area: Some fields of study or specific advanced courses are inherently more challenging, potentially leading to lower average grades across the cohort. While the weighted average formula is objective, the perceived difficulty and your aptitude in a subject area are crucial personal factors impacting your grades.
  4. Study Load Management: Taking on too many credit points in a single semester can lead to burnout and lower grades across the board. Conversely, spreading your load too thinly might delay graduation. Balancing your study load effectively is critical for maintaining a consistent and high weighted average. Effective time management for students is key here.
  5. Teaching Quality and Resources: While student effort is paramount, the quality of teaching, available resources, and support services at Curtin can influence learning outcomes and, consequently, grades. Engaging with tutors, seeking feedback, and utilising university resources can improve performance.
  6. Assessment Types and Weighting: The specific assessments within a course (exams, essays, projects) and their individual weightings contribute to the final grade. Understanding how your grades are determined for each assessment and focusing on high-stakes assessments is crucial for success.
  7. Prior Learning and Prerequisites: Performance in earlier courses can often impact success in subsequent units. A strong foundation in prerequisite subjects is vital. If you struggle with foundational concepts, it will likely affect your university course progression.
  8. Personal Circumstances: External factors such as work commitments, family responsibilities, or health issues can impact study time and focus, inevitably affecting grades and the overall weighted average. Curtin offers support services for students facing such challenges.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: How is the weighted average different from a simple average?
A: A simple average adds up all grades and divides by the number of grades. A weighted average considers the 'weight' (credit points) of each course, meaning courses with more credit points have a greater impact on the final average. This is crucial for accurate academic assessment.
Q2: Does Curtin University use GPA? How does the weighted average relate to it?
A: Yes, Curtin uses a Grade Point Average (GPA) system. The weighted average calculation is the foundational step to determine your GPA. Specific conversion tables are used by the university to map your percentage-based weighted average to the GPA scale.
Q3: What are the standard credit points for a course at Curtin?
A: Standard semester units at Curtin typically equate to 12.5 or 25 credit points. Some shorter or specialized units might have different values (e.g., 6.25 credit points). Always check the course catalogue for the exact credit points.
Q4: Can I exclude failed courses from my weighted average calculation?
A: Generally, no. For most official academic assessments (like calculating GPA or degree completion requirements), all courses taken within a study period or degree must be included, even if they are failed. Failing a course significantly impacts your weighted average.
Q5: What if my grade is a Pass Conceded (PC)? How is that calculated?
A: A Pass Conceded (PC) is a specific grade that may not carry standard credit points or may have a minimum percentage assigned by the university for specific circumstances. Consult Curtin's academic regulations for the exact numerical value or impact of a PC grade on your weighted average and GPA.
Q6: How often should I calculate my weighted average?
A: It's beneficial to calculate your weighted average at the end of each semester to track your progress. This allows you to identify any downward trends early and take corrective action. It's also useful when considering changing university majors.
Q7: What is the difference between a course weighted average and a degree weighted average?
A: A course weighted average typically refers to the average calculated for a specific semester or year. A degree weighted average considers all courses undertaken throughout your entire degree program, providing a cumulative measure of your academic achievement.
Q8: Can this calculator be used for honours thesis or project units?
A: Yes, provided these units have assigned credit points. Honours thesis or major project units often carry significant credit points and therefore have a substantial impact on your overall weighted average and GPA. Ensure you use the correct credit points and your final grade.
var courses = []; var courseChart = null; var gradeLabels = []; var gradeData = []; function updateGradeInput() { var select = document.getElementById("grade"); var numericInput = document.getElementById("gradeNumeric"); if (select.value === "") { numericInput.style.display = "block"; numericInput.value = ""; numericInput.focus(); } else { numericInput.style.display = "none"; numericInput.value = ""; var selectedOption = select.options[select.selectedIndex]; if (selectedOption.value) { numericInput.value = selectedOption.value; } } } function getNumericGrade() { var select = document.getElementById("grade"); var numericInput = document.getElementById("gradeNumeric"); var gradeValue = 0; if (select.value) { gradeValue = parseFloat(select.value); } else if (numericInput.value && !isNaN(parseFloat(numericInput.value))) { gradeValue = parseFloat(numericInput.value); } return gradeValue; } function validateInput(id, value, min, max) { var errorElement = document.getElementById(id + "Error"); errorElement.innerText = ""; if (value === null || value === "") { errorElement.innerText = "This field cannot be empty."; return false; } var numValue = parseFloat(value); if (isNaN(numValue)) { errorElement.innerText = "Please enter a valid number."; return false; } if (min !== null && numValue max) { errorElement.innerText = "Value cannot be greater than " + max + "."; return false; } return true; } function addCourse() { var courseName = document.getElementById("courseName").value.trim(); var creditPoints = document.getElementById("creditPoints").value; var grade = getNumericGrade(); var courseNameValid = validateInput("courseName", courseName, null, null); var creditPointsValid = validateInput("creditPoints", creditPoints, 0, null); var gradeValid = validateInput("grade", grade, 0, 100); if (!courseNameValid || !creditPointsValid || !gradeValid) { return; } creditPoints = parseFloat(creditPoints); var weightedScore = creditPoints * grade; courses.push({ name: courseName, cp: creditPoints, grade: grade, weightedScore: weightedScore }); renderTable(); updateChartData(); calculateAndDisplayResults(); // Clear inputs for next entry document.getElementById("courseName").value = ""; document.getElementById("creditPoints").value = "12.5"; document.getElementById("grade").value = ""; document.getElementById("gradeNumeric").value = ""; document.getElementById("gradeNumeric").style.display = "none"; document.getElementById("courseName").focus(); } function removeCourse(index) { courses.splice(index, 1); renderTable(); updateChartData(); calculateAndDisplayResults(); } function renderTable() { var tableBody = document.querySelector("#courseTable tbody"); tableBody.innerHTML = ""; for (var i = 0; i < courses.length; i++) { var course = courses[i]; var row = tableBody.insertRow(); var cellName = row.insertCell(0); var cellCP = row.insertCell(1); var cellGrade = row.insertCell(2); var cellWeightedScore = row.insertCell(3); var cellActions = row.insertCell(4); cellName.innerText = course.name; cellCP.innerText = course.cp.toFixed(2); cellGrade.innerText = course.grade.toFixed(2) + "%"; cellWeightedScore.innerText = course.weightedScore.toFixed(2); var removeButton = document.createElement("button"); removeButton.innerText = "Remove"; removeButton.className = "secondary"; removeButton.onclick = (function(index) { return function() { removeCourse(index); }; })(i); cellActions.appendChild(removeButton); } } function calculateAndDisplayResults() { var totalCreditPoints = 0; var totalWeightedScore = 0; var numCourses = courses.length; for (var i = 0; i 0) { weightedAverage = totalWeightedScore / totalCreditPoints; } document.getElementById("totalCreditPoints").innerText = totalCreditPoints.toFixed(2); document.getElementById("totalWeightedScore").innerText = totalWeightedScore.toFixed(2); document.getElementById("numCourses").innerText = numCourses; var primaryResultElement = document.getElementById("primaryResult"); if (numCourses > 0) { primaryResultElement.innerText = weightedAverage.toFixed(2) + "%"; } else { primaryResultElement.innerText = "–"; } } function updateChartData() { gradeLabels = []; gradeData = []; var gradeCounts = { 85: 0, 75: 0, 65: 0, 50: 0, 0: 0 }; // HD, D, C, P, F for (var i = 0; i = 85) gradeCounts[85]++; else if (grade >= 75) gradeCounts[75]++; else if (grade >= 65) gradeCounts[65]++; else if (grade >= 50) gradeCounts[50]++; else gradeCounts[0]++; } gradeLabels.push("HD (>=85%)"); gradeData.push(gradeCounts[85]); gradeLabels.push("D (75-84%)"); gradeData.push(gradeCounts[75]); gradeLabels.push("C (65-74%)"); gradeData.push(gradeCounts[65]); gradeLabels.push("P (50-64%)"); gradeData.push(gradeCounts[50]); gradeLabels.push("F (<50%)"); gradeData.push(gradeCounts[0]); } function renderChart() { var ctx = document.getElementById('gradeChart').getContext('2d'); // Destroy previous chart instance if it exists if (courseChart) { courseChart.destroy(); } courseChart = new Chart(ctx, { type: 'bar', data: { labels: gradeLabels, datasets: [{ label: 'Number of Courses', data: gradeData, backgroundColor: [ 'rgba(0, 74, 153, 0.6)', // HD – Primary Color 'rgba(40, 167, 69, 0.6)', // D – Success Color 'rgba(255, 193, 7, 0.6)', // C – Warning Color (example) 'rgba(23, 162, 184, 0.6)', // P – Info Color (example) 'rgba(220, 53, 69, 0.6)' // F – Danger Color (example) ], borderColor: [ 'rgba(0, 74, 153, 1)', 'rgba(40, 167, 69, 1)', 'rgba(255, 193, 7, 1)', 'rgba(23, 162, 184, 1)', 'rgba(220, 53, 69, 1)' ], borderWidth: 1 }] }, options: { responsive: true, maintainAspectRatio: true, scales: { y: { beginAtZero: true, title: { display: true, text: 'Number of Courses' } } }, plugins: { legend: { display: false // Hiding legend as labels are clear }, title: { display: true, text: 'Distribution of Grades by Category' } } } }); } function copyResults() { var primaryResult = document.getElementById("primaryResult").innerText; var totalCP = document.getElementById("totalCreditPoints").innerText; var totalWS = document.getElementById("totalWeightedScore").innerText; var numCourses = document.getElementById("numCourses").innerText; var copyText = "Curtin Weighted Average Results:\n\n"; copyText += "Weighted Average: " + primaryResult + "\n"; copyText += "Total Credit Points: " + totalCP + "\n"; copyText += "Total Weighted Score: " + totalWS + "\n"; copyText += "Number of Courses: " + numCourses + "\n\n"; copyText += "Key Assumption: Standard numerical grade conversions were used (e.g., HD=85%, D=75%, C=65%, P=50%)."; navigator.clipboard.writeText(copyText).then(function() { alert("Results copied to clipboard!"); }, function() { alert("Failed to copy results. Please copy manually."); }); } function resetCalculator() { courses = []; document.getElementById("courseName").value = ""; document.getElementById("creditPoints").value = "12.5"; document.getElementById("grade").value = ""; document.getElementById("gradeNumeric").value = ""; document.getElementById("gradeNumeric").style.display = "none"; document.getElementById("courseNameError").innerText = ""; document.getElementById("creditPointsError").innerText = ""; document.getElementById("gradeError").innerText = ""; renderTable(); calculateAndDisplayResults(); updateChartData(); renderChart(); // Re-render chart with empty data } // Initial setup window.onload = function() { renderTable(); calculateAndDisplayResults(); updateChartData(); renderChart(); // Initial render of the chart };

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