Calculate Internal Rate of Return Formula

Internal Rate of Return (IRR) Calculator

The Internal Rate of Return (IRR) is a financial metric used to estimate the profitability of potential investments. It represents the discount rate at which the net present value (NPV) of all cash flows (both positive and negative) from a particular project or investment equals zero. In simpler terms, it's the expected annual rate of return that an investment will generate.

Results

Enter the initial investment and a series of expected cash flows to calculate the IRR.

function calculateIRR() { var initialInvestment = parseFloat(document.getElementById("initialInvestment").value); var cashFlowsText = document.getElementById("cashFlows").value; var resultDiv = document.getElementById("result"); if (isNaN(initialInvestment) || cashFlowsText === "") { resultDiv.innerHTML = "Please enter a valid initial investment and a list of cash flows."; return; } var cashFlowsArray = cashFlowsText.split(',').map(function(item) { return parseFloat(item.trim()); }); if (cashFlowsArray.some(isNaN)) { resultDiv.innerHTML = "One or more cash flows are not valid numbers."; return; } // The IRR calculation is an iterative process and cannot be solved directly with a simple formula. // We need to use a numerical method to find the discount rate where NPV is zero. // A common approach is the Newton-Raphson method or a bisection method. // Let's implement a simple bisection method for approximation. // We'll search for the IRR between a reasonable range, say -100% to 1000%. var irrGuessLow = -0.99; // Represents -99% var irrGuessHigh = 10.00; // Represents 1000% var maxIterations = 100; var tolerance = 0.0001; var irr = null; for (var i = 0; i = 0) { // If not, we might need to adjust the search range or the function is ill-behaved // For simplicity, we'll indicate failure or try a broader range if this happens often. // In a real-world scenario, more robust error handling and range adjustment would be needed. if (i === 0) { // First iteration, perhaps the range is too small or the IRR is outside. // Let's try expanding the range slightly if the first attempt fails. // This is a simplified approach. irrGuessLow = -0.999; irrGuessHigh = 20.0; // Wider range continue; } else { resultDiv.innerHTML = "Could not find a suitable IRR within the search range. Try adjusting cash flows or consider if the investment is profitable."; return; } } // Calculate the midpoint var irrGuessMid = (irrGuessLow + irrGuessHigh) / 2; var npvMid = calculateNPV(irrGuessMid, initialInvestment, cashFlowsArray); // Check for convergence if (Math.abs(npvMid) < tolerance) { irr = irrGuessMid; break; } // Narrow down the search range if (npvMid * npvLow < 0) { irrGuessHigh = irrGuessMid; } else { irrGuessLow = irrGuessMid; } } if (irr !== null) { var irrPercentage = (irr * 100).toFixed(2); resultDiv.innerHTML = "The approximate Internal Rate of Return (IRR) is: " + irrPercentage + "%"; resultDiv.innerHTML += "This means the project is expected to yield an annual return of approximately " + irrPercentage + "%."; } else { resultDiv.innerHTML = "Could not find a suitable IRR after maximum iterations. Try adjusting cash flows or consider if the investment is profitable."; } } function calculateNPV(rate, initialInvestment, cashFlows) { var npv = -initialInvestment; // Start with the initial investment as a negative cash flow for (var i = 0; i < cashFlows.length; i++) { npv += cashFlows[i] / Math.pow(1 + rate, i + 1); } return npv; } .calculator-wrapper { font-family: sans-serif; max-width: 800px; margin: 20px auto; padding: 20px; border: 1px solid #e0e0e0; border-radius: 8px; background-color: #f9f9f9; box-shadow: 0 2px 5px rgba(0,0,0,0.1); display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 20px; } .calculator-form { flex: 1; min-width: 300px; } .calculator-result { flex: 1; min-width: 300px; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 15px; border-radius: 5px; border: 1px solid #dcdcdc; } .calculator-form h2, .calculator-result h3 { color: #333; margin-top: 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #eee; padding-bottom: 10px; margin-bottom: 20px; } .form-group { margin-bottom: 15px; } .form-group label { display: block; margin-bottom: 5px; font-weight: bold; color: #555; } .form-group input[type="number"], .form-group input[type="text"] { width: calc(100% – 20px); padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #ccc; border-radius: 4px; font-size: 1em; } .calculator-form button { background-color: #4CAF50; color: white; padding: 10px 15px; border: none; border-radius: 4px; cursor: pointer; font-size: 1em; transition: background-color 0.3s ease; } .calculator-form button:hover { background-color: #45a049; } #result p { line-height: 1.6; color: #333; } #result strong { font-size: 1.1em; }

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