How to Calculate Cap Rate on Multifamily

Multifamily Cap Rate Calculator

Analyze the profitability of your apartment building or multi-unit property.

Capitalization Rate 0.00%
Net Operating Income (NOI): $0.00
Effective Gross Income: $0.00
Total Operating Expenses: $0.00

How to Calculate Cap Rate on Multifamily Properties

The Capitalization Rate, or "Cap Rate," is the most critical metric for multifamily real estate investors. It represents the yield of a property over a one-year time horizon assuming the asset was purchased with cash and no debt was used.

The Multifamily Cap Rate Formula

Cap Rate = (Net Operating Income / Current Market Value) × 100

Steps to Calculate Correctly:

  1. Determine Gross Potential Income: Sum all annual rents and add secondary income like laundry machines, storage fees, or pet rent.
  2. Subtract Vacancy: Multifamily properties rarely stay 100% occupied. Subtract a realistic vacancy factor (typically 5-10% depending on the market).
  3. Calculate Operating Expenses: Include property taxes, insurance, utilities, maintenance, property management fees, and landscaping. Note: Do NOT include mortgage interest or principal payments here.
  4. Find the NOI: Subtract your operating expenses from your effective gross income.
  5. Divide by Price: Divide the NOI by the purchase price or current value to get your decimal, then multiply by 100 for the percentage.

Real-World Example

Imagine a 10-unit apartment building priced at $1,200,000.

  • Annual Rental Income: $100,000
  • Vacancy (5%): $5,000
  • Operating Expenses: $35,000
  • NOI: $100,000 – $5,000 – $35,000 = $60,000
  • Cap Rate: ($60,000 / $1,200,000) = 5.0%

In multifamily investing, a "higher" cap rate often implies higher risk but higher potential return, while a "lower" cap rate usually indicates a safer, more stable asset in a high-demand market.

function calculateCapRate() { // Get values from inputs var rent = parseFloat(document.getElementById('annualGrossRent').value) || 0; var other = parseFloat(document.getElementById('otherIncome').value) || 0; var vacancy = parseFloat(document.getElementById('vacancyRate').value) || 0; var expenses = parseFloat(document.getElementById('operatingExpenses').value) || 0; var value = parseFloat(document.getElementById('propertyValue').value) || 0; // Validation if (value <= 0) { alert("Please enter a valid property value or purchase price."); return; } // Logic var grossPotentialIncome = rent + other; var vacancyLoss = grossPotentialIncome * (vacancy / 100); var effectiveGrossIncome = grossPotentialIncome – vacancyLoss; var netOperatingIncome = effectiveGrossIncome – expenses; var capRate = (netOperatingIncome / value) * 100; // Format currency var formatter = new Intl.NumberFormat('en-US', { style: 'currency', currency: 'USD', }); // Display Results document.getElementById('resultsArea').style.display = 'block'; document.getElementById('displayCapRate').innerText = capRate.toFixed(2) + "%"; document.getElementById('displayNOI').innerText = formatter.format(netOperatingIncome); document.getElementById('displayEGI').innerText = formatter.format(effectiveGrossIncome); document.getElementById('displayExpenses').innerText = formatter.format(expenses); // Scroll to results on mobile if (window.innerWidth < 600) { document.getElementById('resultsArea').scrollIntoView({ behavior: 'smooth' }); } }

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