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How to Calculate Your Monthly Mortgage Payment
Understanding your monthly financial commitment is the first step in the home buying process. This Mortgage Payment Calculator is designed to help prospective homeowners estimate their monthly costs accurately by factoring in not just the loan repayment, but also necessary holding costs like property taxes and homeowners insurance.
The Components of Your Mortgage Payment (PITI)
Mortgage payments are often referred to by the acronym PITI, which stands for Principal, Interest, Taxes, and Insurance. Here is what each component means for your wallet:
- Principal: The portion of your payment that goes toward paying down the original amount you borrowed. In the early years of a 30-year mortgage, this amount is small but grows over time.
- Interest: The cost of borrowing money paid to the lender. This usually makes up the bulk of your payment in the first several years of the loan.
- Taxes: Property taxes assessed by your local government. Lenders typically collect this monthly and hold it in an escrow account to pay the bill when it's due.
- Insurance: Homeowners insurance protects your property against damage. Like taxes, this is often bundled into your monthly mortgage payment.
How Interest Rates Impact Your Buying Power
Even a small fluctuation in interest rates can significantly affect your monthly payment and the total interest paid over the life of the loan. For example, on a $300,000 loan, the difference between a 6% and a 7% interest rate can increase your monthly payment by nearly $200 and cost you tens of thousands of dollars in additional interest over 30 years.
Using This Calculator for Better Budgeting
To get the most accurate result, try adjusting the Down Payment and Loan Term inputs. A larger down payment reduces your loan principal and monthly obligation, while a shorter loan term (e.g., 15 years vs. 30 years) increases the monthly payment but drastically reduces the total interest you will pay to the bank.
function calculateMortgage() {
// 1. Get Input Values
var price = parseFloat(document.getElementById('homePrice').value);
var downPayment = parseFloat(document.getElementById('downPayment').value);
var termYears = parseInt(document.getElementById('loanTerm').value);
var annualRate = parseFloat(document.getElementById('interestRate').value);
var annualTax = parseFloat(document.getElementById('propertyTax').value);
var annualInsurance = parseFloat(document.getElementById('insurance').value);
// 2. Validate Inputs
if (isNaN(price) || isNaN(downPayment) || isNaN(termYears) || isNaN(annualRate) || isNaN(annualTax) || isNaN(annualInsurance)) {
return; // Stop if inputs are invalid
}
// 3. Perform Calculations
// Principal Loan Amount
var principal = price – downPayment;
// Monthly Interest Rate
var monthlyRate = (annualRate / 100) / 12;
// Total Number of Payments
var numberOfPayments = termYears * 12;
// Monthly Principal & Interest (Amortization Formula)
// M = P [ i(1 + i)^n ] / [ (1 + i)^n – 1 ]
var monthlyPrincipalInterest = 0;
if (annualRate === 0) {
monthlyPrincipalInterest = principal / numberOfPayments;
} else {
monthlyPrincipalInterest = principal * ( (monthlyRate * Math.pow(1 + monthlyRate, numberOfPayments)) / (Math.pow(1 + monthlyRate, numberOfPayments) – 1) );
}
// Monthly Taxes and Insurance
var monthlyTax = annualTax / 12;
var monthlyInsurance = annualInsurance / 12;
// Total Monthly Payment
var totalMonthlyPayment = monthlyPrincipalInterest + monthlyTax + monthlyInsurance;
// Total Cost Analysis
var totalCostOfLoan = (monthlyPrincipalInterest * numberOfPayments);
var totalInterestPaid = totalCostOfLoan – principal;
// 4. Update the DOM with Results (Formatted to Currency)
var formatter = new Intl.NumberFormat('en-US', {
style: 'currency',
currency: 'USD',
minimumFractionDigits: 2
});
document.getElementById('resPrincipalInterest').innerHTML = formatter.format(monthlyPrincipalInterest);
document.getElementById('resTax').innerHTML = formatter.format(monthlyTax);
document.getElementById('resInsurance').innerHTML = formatter.format(monthlyInsurance);
document.getElementById('resTotalMonthly').innerHTML = formatter.format(totalMonthlyPayment);
document.getElementById('resLoanAmount').innerHTML = formatter.format(principal);
document.getElementById('resTotalInterest').innerHTML = formatter.format(totalInterestPaid);
document.getElementById('resTotalCost').innerHTML = formatter.format(totalCostOfLoan);
}
// Run calculation on load to show initial valid state
window.onload = function() {
calculateMortgage();
};