.calculator-wrapper {
font-family: 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;
max-width: 800px;
margin: 0 auto;
color: #333;
line-height: 1.6;
}
.calc-container {
background-color: #f8f9fa;
border: 1px solid #e9ecef;
border-radius: 8px;
padding: 30px;
box-shadow: 0 4px 6px rgba(0,0,0,0.05);
margin-bottom: 40px;
}
.calc-grid {
display: grid;
grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
gap: 20px;
}
@media (max-width: 600px) {
.calc-grid {
grid-template-columns: 1fr;
}
}
.input-group {
margin-bottom: 15px;
}
.input-group label {
display: block;
font-weight: 600;
margin-bottom: 5px;
font-size: 0.95em;
color: #495057;
}
.input-group input, .input-group select {
width: 100%;
padding: 10px;
border: 1px solid #ced4da;
border-radius: 4px;
font-size: 16px;
box-sizing: border-box;
transition: border-color 0.2s;
}
.input-group input:focus {
border-color: #007bff;
outline: none;
}
.calc-btn {
background-color: #007bff;
color: white;
border: none;
padding: 15px 30px;
font-size: 18px;
font-weight: bold;
border-radius: 4px;
cursor: pointer;
width: 100%;
margin-top: 10px;
transition: background-color 0.2s;
}
.calc-btn:hover {
background-color: #0056b3;
}
.results-box {
margin-top: 30px;
background-color: #ffffff;
border: 1px solid #dee2e6;
border-radius: 6px;
padding: 20px;
display: none;
}
.result-row {
display: flex;
justify-content: space-between;
align-items: center;
padding: 10px 0;
border-bottom: 1px solid #eee;
}
.result-row:last-child {
border-bottom: none;
}
.result-label {
color: #6c757d;
font-weight: 500;
}
.result-value {
font-weight: 700;
font-size: 1.1em;
color: #212529;
}
.main-result {
text-align: center;
padding: 15px;
background-color: #e8f4fd;
border-radius: 6px;
margin-bottom: 20px;
}
.main-result .label {
font-size: 1.2em;
color: #0056b3;
margin-bottom: 5px;
}
.main-result .value {
font-size: 2.5em;
font-weight: 800;
color: #007bff;
}
.seo-content h2 {
color: #2c3e50;
margin-top: 40px;
border-bottom: 2px solid #eee;
padding-bottom: 10px;
}
.seo-content h3 {
color: #34495e;
margin-top: 25px;
}
.seo-content ul {
padding-left: 20px;
}
.seo-content li {
margin-bottom: 8px;
}
.error-msg {
color: #dc3545;
font-weight: bold;
margin-top: 10px;
text-align: center;
display: none;
}
function calculateROI() {
// 1. Get Input Values
var price = parseFloat(document.getElementById('purchasePrice').value);
var downPct = parseFloat(document.getElementById('downPaymentPct').value);
var closing = parseFloat(document.getElementById('closingCosts').value);
var rehab = parseFloat(document.getElementById('rehabCosts').value);
var interest = parseFloat(document.getElementById('interestRate').value);
var termYears = parseFloat(document.getElementById('loanTerm').value);
var rent = parseFloat(document.getElementById('monthlyRent').value);
var taxes = parseFloat(document.getElementById('annualTaxes').value);
var insurance = parseFloat(document.getElementById('annualInsurance').value);
var vacancyPct = parseFloat(document.getElementById('vacancyMaintPct').value);
// 2. Validation
// We treat blank optional fields as 0, but price and rent are critical.
if (isNaN(price) || isNaN(rent)) {
document.getElementById('errorMsg').style.display = 'block';
document.getElementById('resultsArea').style.display = 'none';
return;
}
// Set defaults for optional fields if they are NaN (empty)
if (isNaN(downPct)) downPct = 0;
if (isNaN(closing)) closing = 0;
if (isNaN(rehab)) rehab = 0;
if (isNaN(interest)) interest = 0;
if (isNaN(taxes)) taxes = 0;
if (isNaN(insurance)) insurance = 0;
if (isNaN(vacancyPct)) vacancyPct = 0;
document.getElementById('errorMsg').style.display = 'none';
// 3. Calculate Investment Basics
var downPaymentAmount = price * (downPct / 100);
var loanAmount = price – downPaymentAmount;
var totalCashInvested = downPaymentAmount + closing + rehab;
// 4. Calculate Mortgage (Monthly P&I)
var monthlyMortgage = 0;
if (loanAmount > 0 && interest > 0) {
var monthlyRate = (interest / 100) / 12;
var numberOfPayments = termYears * 12;
monthlyMortgage = loanAmount * (monthlyRate * Math.pow(1 + monthlyRate, numberOfPayments)) / (Math.pow(1 + monthlyRate, numberOfPayments) – 1);
} else if (loanAmount > 0 && interest === 0) {
// Interest free loan edge case
monthlyMortgage = loanAmount / (termYears * 12);
}
// 5. Calculate Income & Expenses
var annualGrossIncome = rent * 12;
// Vacancy and Maintenance allowance (calculated annually based on gross rent)
var annualVacancyMaintCost = annualGrossIncome * (vacancyPct / 100);
var annualMortgagePayments = monthlyMortgage * 12;
var totalAnnualExpenses = annualMortgagePayments + taxes + insurance + annualVacancyMaintCost;
var annualCashFlow = annualGrossIncome – totalAnnualExpenses;
var monthlyCashFlow = annualCashFlow / 12;
// NOI = Income – Operating Expenses (Excludes Mortgage)
var noi = annualGrossIncome – (taxes + insurance + annualVacancyMaintCost);
// 6. Calculate CoC Return
var cocReturn = 0;
if (totalCashInvested > 0) {
cocReturn = (annualCashFlow / totalCashInvested) * 100;
} else {
// Edge case: No money down (Infinite return technically, but show 0 or handle text)
// For simplicity in this script, we leave it as calculated or 0 if flow is 0
if(annualCashFlow > 0) cocReturn = Infinity; // Or handle display logic
}
// 7. Format and Display Results
var currencyFormatter = new Intl.NumberFormat('en-US', {
style: 'currency',
currency: 'USD',
minimumFractionDigits: 2
});
document.getElementById('cocResult').innerText = (cocReturn === Infinity) ? "∞%" : cocReturn.toFixed(2) + "%";
// Color code the result
if (cocReturn < 0) {
document.getElementById('cocResult').style.color = '#dc3545';
} else {
document.getElementById('cocResult').style.color = '#28a745';
}
document.getElementById('monthlyCashFlow').innerText = currencyFormatter.format(monthlyCashFlow);
document.getElementById('annualCashFlow').innerText = currencyFormatter.format(annualCashFlow);
document.getElementById('noiResult').innerText = currencyFormatter.format(noi);
document.getElementById('totalCashInvested').innerText = currencyFormatter.format(totalCashInvested);
document.getElementById('mortgagePayment').innerText = currencyFormatter.format(monthlyMortgage);
document.getElementById('resultsArea').style.display = 'block';
}
Rental Property Cash on Cash Return Calculator
30 Years
15 Years
10 Years
5 Years
Please enter valid positive numbers for all required fields.
Cash on Cash Return
0.00%
Monthly Cash Flow
$0.00
Annual Cash Flow
$0.00
Net Operating Income (NOI)
$0.00
Total Cash Invested
$0.00
Monthly Mortgage Payment
$0.00
Understanding Cash on Cash Return in Real Estate
When investing in rental properties, understanding your return on investment (ROI) is crucial for making informed decisions. The Cash on Cash (CoC) Return is one of the most popular metrics used by real estate investors because it calculates the cash income earned on the cash invested in a property. Unlike the Cap Rate, which looks at the property's potential regardless of financing, CoC return specifically factors in your mortgage and the actual capital you have deployed.
How the Calculation Works
The formula for Cash on Cash return is relatively straightforward but requires accurate inputs regarding your income, expenses, and financing. The core formula is:
Cash on Cash Return = (Annual Pre-Tax Cash Flow / Total Cash Invested) × 100%
To derive these figures, our calculator performs the following steps:
- Total Cash Invested: This sums up your down payment, closing costs, and any immediate rehab or repair costs. This is the money that leaves your pocket to acquire the deal.
- Annual Cash Flow: This is your Gross Rental Income minus all expenses. Expenses include mortgage payments (principal and interest), property taxes, insurance, and an allowance for vacancy and maintenance.
What is a Good Cash on Cash Return?
"Good" is subjective and depends on the current economic environment and the risk profile of the asset. However, many investors aim for:
- 8% – 12%: Often considered a solid return in stable markets.
- 15%+: Considered excellent, though often found in riskier neighborhoods or properties requiring significant "sweat equity" (rehab work).
- Below 5%: Might be acceptable in high-appreciation markets where the primary goal is long-term value growth rather than immediate cash flow.
Example Scenario
Imagine you purchase a property for $200,000 with a 20% down payment ($40,000). You pay $5,000 in closing costs and spend $5,000 on paint and carpets. Your total cash invested is $50,000.
If the property rents for $2,000/month and your total monthly expenses (mortgage, taxes, insurance, reserves) come to $1,500, your monthly cash flow is $500. Over a year, that is $6,000.
Calculation: ($6,000 Annual Cash Flow / $50,000 Invested) = 12% Cash on Cash Return.