#tvm-calc-container h2 { color: #2c3e50; text-align: center; margin-bottom: 20px; }
.calc-row { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 15px; }
.calc-col { flex: 1; min-width: 250px; padding: 10px; }
.calc-label { display: block; font-weight: 600; margin-bottom: 5px; color: #444; }
.calc-input { width: 100%; padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #ccc; border-radius: 5px; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; }
.calc-select { width: 100%; padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #ccc; border-radius: 5px; background: #fff; font-size: 16px; cursor: pointer; }
.calc-btn { width: 100%; padding: 15px; background-color: #27ae60; color: #fff; border: none; border-radius: 5px; font-size: 18px; font-weight: bold; cursor: pointer; transition: background 0.3s; margin-top: 20px; }
.calc-btn:hover { background-color: #219150; }
.result-box { margin-top: 25px; padding: 20px; background-color: #e8f4fd; border-left: 5px solid #3498db; border-radius: 5px; }
.result-value { font-size: 24px; font-weight: bold; color: #2980b9; }
.hidden-field { display: none; }
.help-text { font-size: 12px; color: #666; margin-top: 4px; }
function updateFields() {
var mode = document.getElementById('calcMode').value;
var fields = ['pv', 'rate', 'nper', 'pmt', 'fv'];
for (var i = 0; i < fields.length; i++) {
var row = document.getElementById('row-' + fields[i]);
if (fields[i] === mode) {
row.style.display = 'none';
} else {
row.style.display = 'block';
}
}
document.getElementById('tvmResultBox').style.display = 'none';
}
function performTVMCalculation() {
var mode = document.getElementById('calcMode').value;
var pv = parseFloat(document.getElementById('tvmPv').value) || 0;
var r = parseFloat(document.getElementById('tvmRate').value) / 100 || 0;
var nper = parseFloat(document.getElementById('tvmNper').value) || 0;
var pmt = parseFloat(document.getElementById('tvmPmt').value) || 0;
var fv = parseFloat(document.getElementById('tvmFv').value) || 0;
var type = parseInt(document.getElementById('tvmType').value) || 0;
var result = 0;
var resultLabel = "";
if (mode === 'fv') {
if (r === 0) {
result = -(pv + pmt * nper);
} else {
var term = Math.pow(1 + r, nper);
result = -(pv * term + pmt * (1 + r * type) * (term – 1) / r);
}
resultLabel = "Future Value (FV):";
}
else if (mode === 'pv') {
if (r === 0) {
result = -(fv + pmt * nper);
} else {
var term = Math.pow(1 + r, nper);
result = -(fv + pmt * (1 + r * type) * (term – 1) / r) / term;
}
resultLabel = "Present Value (PV):";
}
else if (mode === 'pmt') {
if (r === 0) {
result = -(pv + fv) / nper;
} else {
var term = Math.pow(1 + r, nper);
result = -(fv + pv * term) / ((1 + r * type) * (term – 1) / r);
}
resultLabel = "Periodic Payment (PMT):";
}
else if (mode === 'nper') {
if (r === 0) {
result = -(pv + fv) / pmt;
} else {
var num = (pmt * (1 + r * type) – fv * r) / (pmt * (1 + r * type) + pv * r);
result = Math.log(num) / Math.log(1 + r);
}
resultLabel = "Number of Periods (Nper):";
}
else if (mode === 'rate') {
result = solveForRate(nper, pmt, pv, fv, type) * 100;
resultLabel = "Periodic Rate (%):";
}
if (isNaN(result) || !isFinite(result)) {
document.getElementById('tvmOutput').innerText = "Invalid Input";
} else {
document.getElementById('tvmOutput').innerText = result.toLocaleString(undefined, {minimumFractionDigits: 2, maximumFractionDigits: 6});
}
document.getElementById('resultLabel').innerText = resultLabel;
document.getElementById('tvmResultBox').style.display = 'block';
}
function solveForRate(nper, pmt, pv, fv, type) {
var r = 0.1; // Initial guess
var f, df;
for (var i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
var term = Math.pow(1 + r, nper);
var termMinus1 = term – 1;
if (r === 0) {
f = pv + pmt * nper + fv;
df = nper * pmt; // approximation
} else {
f = pv * term + pmt * (1 + r * type) * termMinus1 / r + fv;
// Simplified derivative for Newton's Method
df = nper * pv * Math.pow(1 + r, nper – 1) +
pmt * (1 + r * type) * (nper * Math.pow(1 + r, nper – 1) / r – termMinus1 / (r * r)) +
pmt * type * termMinus1 / r;
}
var newR = r – f / df;
if (Math.abs(newR – r) < 1e-10) return newR;
r = newR;
}
return NaN;
}
updateFields();
Advanced TVM Solver (PV, Rate, Nper, PMT, FV)
Future Value (FV)
Present Value (PV)
Periodic Payment (PMT)
Number of Periods (Nper)
Periodic Rate (Rate %)
End of Period (Ordinary Annuity)
Beginning of Period (Annuity Due)
Outgoing cash is negative (-), incoming is positive (+)
Interest rate per single period
Total number of compounding periods
Amount paid/received each period
Value at the end of the duration
Calculated Value:
Understanding the Time Value of Money (TVM) Variables
This calculator solves for any variable in the standard Time Value of Money equation. In financial mathematics, the relationship between these five variables is essential for evaluating investments, annuities, and sinking funds.
1. Present Value (PV)
The current value of a future sum of money or stream of cash flows given a specified rate of return. In the TVM formula, money you pay out is typically represented as a negative number, while money you receive is positive.
2. Future Value (FV)
The value of a current asset at a specified date in the future based on an assumed rate of growth. This tells you what your investment or debt will grow to after all periods have elapsed.
3. Periodic Rate (Rate)
The interest rate for a single period. If you have an annual rate of 12% and payments are monthly, your periodic rate is 1% (0.01). This calculator requires the rate per period.
4. Number of Periods (Nper)
The total number of compounding periods. For a 5-year loan with monthly payments, Nper would be 60 (5 years × 12 months).
5. Periodic Payment (PMT)
The fixed amount paid or received every period. This remains constant throughout the duration of the calculation.
Example Calculation: Savings Goal
If you want to have 10,000 (FV) in 5 years (60 months = Nper), and you start with 0 (PV) at a 0.5% monthly rate (Rate), what should your monthly deposit (PMT) be?
- Solve For: PMT
- PV: 0
- Rate: 0.5
- Nper: 60
- FV: 10000
- Result: Approx -143.33 (Meaning you must pay out 143.33 per month).