How to Calculate Federal Income Tax

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Commercial Property Cap Rate Calculator

Analyze your real estate investment by calculating the Capitalization Rate and Net Operating Income (NOI).

Investment Summary

Gross Potential Income:
Vacancy Loss:
Net Operating Income (NOI):
Capitalization Rate (Cap Rate):

Understanding the Capitalization Rate (Cap Rate)

The Capitalization Rate, or Cap Rate, is the most popular metric for evaluating the profitability and return potential of a commercial real estate investment. It represents the yield of a property over a one-year time horizon assuming the property is purchased with cash (no debt).

The Cap Rate Formula

The formula used in this calculator is:

Cap Rate = (Net Operating Income / Current Market Value) x 100

What is Net Operating Income (NOI)?

NOI is the total income generated by the property minus all necessary operating expenses. It is important to note that NOI does not include mortgage payments (debt service), depreciation, or capital expenditures. It only accounts for the operational efficiency of the asset.

  • Operating Expenses: Property taxes, insurance, management fees, utilities, repairs, and maintenance.
  • Vacancy Loss: The amount of potential income lost due to unoccupied units or non-payment of rent.

Real-World Example Calculation

Imagine you are looking at a small office building priced at $2,000,000.

  • Gross Annual Rent: $250,000
  • Vacancy (5%): $12,500
  • Operating Expenses (Taxes, Maintenance, etc.): $80,000
  • NOI: $250,000 – $12,500 – $80,000 = $157,500
  • Cap Rate: ($157,500 / $2,000,000) = 7.875%

What is a "Good" Cap Rate?

There is no single answer to what constitutes a "good" cap rate. It depends on several factors:

  • Asset Class: Multi-family, retail, office, and industrial properties all have different average cap rates.
  • Location: Properties in "Class A" cities like NYC or San Francisco typically have lower cap rates (3-5%) due to lower risk and higher demand. Secondary or tertiary markets often have higher cap rates (7-10%) to compensate for higher risk.
  • Interest Rates: As interest rates rise, investors generally demand higher cap rates to maintain a spread over the risk-free rate of return.
function calculateCapRate() { // Get Input Values var propertyValue = parseFloat(document.getElementById("propertyValue").value); var grossIncome = parseFloat(document.getElementById("grossIncome").value); var otherIncome = parseFloat(document.getElementById("otherIncome").value) || 0; var vacancyRate = parseFloat(document.getElementById("vacancyRate").value) || 0; var operatingExpenses = parseFloat(document.getElementById("operatingExpenses").value); // Validation if (isNaN(propertyValue) || isNaN(grossIncome) || isNaN(operatingExpenses) || propertyValue <= 0) { alert("Please enter valid positive numbers for Property Value, Gross Income, and Expenses."); return; } // Calculations var totalGrossPotential = grossIncome + otherIncome; var vacancyLoss = totalGrossPotential * (vacancyRate / 100); var effectiveGrossIncome = totalGrossPotential – vacancyLoss; var netOperatingIncome = effectiveGrossIncome – operatingExpenses; var capRate = (netOperatingIncome / propertyValue) * 100; // Formatting as Currency var formatter = new Intl.NumberFormat('en-US', { style: 'currency', currency: 'USD', }); // Display Results document.getElementById("resGross").innerText = formatter.format(totalGrossPotential); document.getElementById("resVacancy").innerText = "-" + formatter.format(vacancyLoss); document.getElementById("resNOI").innerText = formatter.format(netOperatingIncome); document.getElementById("resCapRate").innerText = capRate.toFixed(2) + "%"; // Show the results box document.getElementById("resultsArea").style.display = "block"; // Smooth scroll to results document.getElementById("resultsArea").scrollIntoView({ behavior: 'smooth', block: 'nearest' }); }

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