/* Calculator Specific Styles */
.rp-calculator-wrapper {
max-width: 800px;
margin: 20px auto;
background: #ffffff;
border: 1px solid #e2e8f0;
border-radius: 8px;
padding: 30px;
box-shadow: 0 4px 6px -1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, “Segoe UI”, Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;
}
.rp-calculator-wrapper h2 {
text-align: center;
color: #1e293b;
margin-bottom: 25px;
font-size: 24px;
}
.rp-form-grid {
display: grid;
grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
gap: 20px;
}
@media (max-width: 600px) {
.rp-form-grid {
grid-template-columns: 1fr;
}
}
.rp-input-group {
display: flex;
flex-direction: column;
}
.rp-input-group label {
font-size: 14px;
font-weight: 600;
color: #475569;
margin-bottom: 6px;
}
.rp-input-group input, .rp-input-group select {
padding: 10px;
border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;
border-radius: 4px;
font-size: 16px;
transition: border-color 0.2s;
}
.rp-input-group input:focus {
outline: none;
border-color: #3b82f6;
box-shadow: 0 0 0 3px rgba(59, 130, 246, 0.1);
}
.rp-section-title {
grid-column: 1 / -1;
font-size: 18px;
font-weight: 700;
color: #0f172a;
margin-top: 10px;
padding-bottom: 5px;
border-bottom: 2px solid #f1f5f9;
}
.rp-calc-btn {
grid-column: 1 / -1;
background-color: #2563eb;
color: white;
border: none;
padding: 15px;
font-size: 18px;
font-weight: bold;
border-radius: 6px;
cursor: pointer;
transition: background-color 0.2s;
margin-top: 10px;
}
.rp-calc-btn:hover {
background-color: #1d4ed8;
}
.rp-results {
margin-top: 30px;
background-color: #f8fafc;
border-radius: 6px;
padding: 20px;
border: 1px solid #e2e8f0;
display: none; /* Hidden by default */
}
.rp-result-row {
display: flex;
justify-content: space-between;
padding: 10px 0;
border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0;
color: #334155;
}
.rp-result-row:last-child {
border-bottom: none;
}
.rp-result-row.highlight {
font-weight: bold;
color: #1e293b;
font-size: 18px;
background-color: #eff6ff;
padding: 15px 10px;
border-radius: 4px;
margin-top: 10px;
}
.rp-result-row.highlight.positive {
color: #16a34a;
}
.rp-result-row.highlight.negative {
color: #dc2626;
}
/* Article Styles */
.rp-article {
max-width: 800px;
margin: 40px auto;
font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, “Segoe UI”, Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;
line-height: 1.6;
color: #333;
}
.rp-article h2 { color: #1e293b; margin-top: 30px; }
.rp-article p { margin-bottom: 15px; }
.rp-article ul { margin-bottom: 15px; padding-left: 20px; }
.rp-article li { margin-bottom: 8px; }
Rental Property Cash Flow Calculator
30 Years
15 Years
10 Years
Analysis Results
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Understanding Rental Property Cash Flow Analysis
Investing in real estate is one of the most reliable ways to build long-term wealth, but not every property is a good deal. The difference between a profitable asset and a financial burden lies in the numbers. This Rental Property Cash Flow Calculator helps investors analyze potential deals by breaking down income, operating expenses, and financing costs to determine the true profitability of an investment.
What is Cash Flow in Real Estate?
Cash flow is the net amount of cash moving into or out of an investment property after all expenses are paid. It is calculated by subtracting your total monthly expenses (mortgage, taxes, insurance, maintenance, vacancy reserves) from your gross rental income.
- Positive Cash Flow: The property generates more income than it costs to own. This is the goal for most buy-and-hold investors.
- Negative Cash Flow: The property costs you money every month. While some investors accept this for potential appreciation, it carries higher risk.
Key Metrics Explained
This calculator provides several critical metrics to evaluate your deal:
1. Net Operating Income (NOI)
NOI is a calculation used to analyze the profitability of income-generating real estate investments. It equals all revenue from the property, minus all necessary operating expenses. NOI excludes principal and interest payments on loans, capital expenditures, depreciation, and amortization.
2. Cash on Cash Return (CoC ROI)
Cash on Cash Return measures the annual return the investor made on the property in relation to the amount of mortgage paid during the same year. It is considered one of the most important metrics because it tells you how hard your actual cash investment is working. A CoC return of 8-12% is often considered a solid benchmark for rental properties, though this varies by market.
3. Cap Rate (Capitalization Rate)
Cap Rate indicates the rate of return that is expected to be generated on a real estate investment property. It is calculated by dividing the Net Operating Income (NOI) by the property asset value. It allows you to compare the profitability of different properties regardless of how they were financed (cash vs. mortgage).
Estimating Expenses Accurately
One of the biggest mistakes new investors make is underestimating expenses. Beyond the mortgage, ensure you account for:
- Vacancy: Properties aren’t rented 100% of the time. Budgeting 5-10% ensures you have cash reserves for turnover periods.
- Maintenance & CapEx: Roofs leak and water heaters break. Setting aside 10-15% of rent is prudent for long-term repairs.
- Property Management: Even if you self-manage now, calculating a 10% management fee ensures the deal still works if you hire a professional later.
Use this calculator as a preliminary screening tool. Always verify tax rates with local assessors and get insurance quotes before finalizing any real estate transaction.
function calculateRentalCashFlow() {
// 1. Get Input Values
var price = parseFloat(document.getElementById(‘rp_price’).value) || 0;
var closingCosts = parseFloat(document.getElementById(‘rp_closing_costs’).value) || 0;
var downPercent = parseFloat(document.getElementById(‘rp_down_percent’).value) || 0;
var interestRate = parseFloat(document.getElementById(‘rp_interest_rate’).value) || 0;
var loanTermYears = parseInt(document.getElementById(‘rp_loan_term’).value) || 30;
var monthlyRent = parseFloat(document.getElementById(‘rp_rent’).value) || 0;
var vacancyRate = parseFloat(document.getElementById(‘rp_vacancy’).value) || 0;
var annualTax = parseFloat(document.getElementById(‘rp_tax’).value) || 0;
var annualInsurance = parseFloat(document.getElementById(‘rp_insurance’).value) || 0;
var monthlyHoa = parseFloat(document.getElementById(‘rp_hoa’).value) || 0;
var monthlyMaintenance = parseFloat(document.getElementById(‘rp_maintenance’).value) || 0;
// 2. Perform Calculations
// Loan Calculations
var downPaymentAmount = price * (downPercent / 100);
var loanAmount = price – downPaymentAmount;
var totalCashInvested = downPaymentAmount + closingCosts;
// Mortgage Payment (Principal & Interest)
// M = P [ i(1 + i)^n ] / [ (1 + i)^n – 1 ]
var monthlyMortgage = 0;
if (loanAmount > 0 && interestRate > 0) {
var monthlyRate = (interestRate / 100) / 12;
var totalPayments = loanTermYears * 12;
monthlyMortgage = loanAmount * (monthlyRate * Math.pow(1 + monthlyRate, totalPayments)) / (Math.pow(1 + monthlyRate, totalPayments) – 1);
} else if (loanAmount > 0 && interestRate === 0) {
monthlyMortgage = loanAmount / (loanTermYears * 12);
}
// Operating Expenses
var monthlyTax = annualTax / 12;
var monthlyInsurance = annualInsurance / 12;
var monthlyVacancyCost = monthlyRent * (vacancyRate / 100);
// Total Operating Expenses (Excluding Mortgage)
// Used for NOI calculation
var monthlyOperatingExpenses = monthlyTax + monthlyInsurance + monthlyHoa + monthlyMaintenance + monthlyVacancyCost;
// Total Monthly Costs (Including Mortgage)
var totalMonthlyCost = monthlyMortgage + monthlyOperatingExpenses;
// Net Operating Income (NOI) = Income – Operating Expenses (No Mortgage)
var monthlyNOI = monthlyRent – monthlyOperatingExpenses;
var annualNOI = monthlyNOI * 12;
// Cash Flow
var monthlyCashFlow = monthlyRent – totalMonthlyCost;
var annualCashFlow = monthlyCashFlow * 12;
// Returns
var cocReturn = 0;
if (totalCashInvested > 0) {
cocReturn = (annualCashFlow / totalCashInvested) * 100;
}
var capRate = 0;
if (price > 0) {
capRate = (annualNOI / price) * 100;
}
// 3. Update UI
// Format Currency Helper
function formatMoney(num) {
return ‘$’ + num.toLocaleString(‘en-US’, {minimumFractionDigits: 2, maximumFractionDigits: 2});
}
function formatPercent(num) {
return num.toLocaleString(‘en-US’, {minimumFractionDigits: 2, maximumFractionDigits: 2}) + ‘%’;
}
document.getElementById(‘res_mortgage’).innerText = formatMoney(monthlyMortgage);
document.getElementById(‘res_expenses’).innerText = formatMoney(monthlyOperatingExpenses);
document.getElementById(‘res_total_cost’).innerText = formatMoney(totalMonthlyCost);
document.getElementById(‘res_noi’).innerText = formatMoney(monthlyNOI);
document.getElementById(‘res_cashflow’).innerText = formatMoney(monthlyCashFlow);
document.getElementById(‘res_annual_cashflow’).innerText = formatMoney(annualCashFlow);
document.getElementById(‘res_coc’).innerText = formatPercent(cocReturn);
document.getElementById(‘res_cap_rate’).innerText = formatPercent(capRate);
// Styling for positive/negative cash flow
var cashFlowRow = document.getElementById(‘res_cashflow_row’);
cashFlowRow.classList.remove(‘positive’, ‘negative’);
if (monthlyCashFlow >= 0) {
cashFlowRow.classList.add(‘positive’);
} else {
cashFlowRow.classList.add(‘negative’);
}
// Show Results
document.getElementById(‘rp_results_area’).style.display = ‘block’;
// Scroll to results on mobile
if(window.innerWidth < 600) {
document.getElementById('rp_results_area').scrollIntoView({behavior: 'smooth'});
}
}