Calculate Current Yield and Yield to Maturity (YTM)
Please fill in all fields with valid positive numbers.
Annual Coupon Payment:$0.00
Current Yield:0.00%
Yield to Maturity (YTM):0.00%
Understanding Bond Market Rates
The bond market can be complex, and understanding the true return on investment usually requires more than just looking at the coupon rate. A Bond Market Rate Calculator helps investors determine the actual efficiency of a bond purchase by calculating key metrics like Current Yield and Yield to Maturity (YTM).
Key Definitions
Face Value (Par Value): The amount the bond issuer agrees to pay back at the maturity date. This is typically $1,000 for corporate bonds.
Market Price: The price at which the bond is currently trading. If a bond trades below its face value, it is trading at a discount. If above, it is at a premium.
Coupon Rate: The annual interest rate established when the bond is issued. This determines the fixed dollar amount paid to the bondholder each year.
Yield to Maturity (YTM): The total expected return on a bond if it is held until it matures. This is considered the most accurate measure of a bond's performance as it accounts for the present market price, the face value, the coupon payments, and the time remaining.
How It Is Calculated
While the Current Yield is a simple calculation of the annual coupon payment divided by the current market price, the Yield to Maturity (YTM) is more complex. It assumes that all coupon payments are reinvested at the same rate as the bond's current yield.
The approximation formula used for YTM is:
YTM ≈ (C + (F – P) / n) / ((F + P) / 2)
Where:
C = Annual Coupon Payment ($)
F = Face Value ($)
P = Market Price ($)
n = Years to Maturity
Why Bond Prices Fluctuate
Bond prices and market yields have an inverse relationship. When prevailing interest rates in the economy rise, existing bonds with lower coupon rates become less attractive, causing their market price to drop (trading at a discount). Conversely, when interest rates fall, existing bonds with higher coupon rates become more valuable, driving their price up (trading at a premium).
function calculateBondYields() {
// 1. Get input values
var faceValueInput = document.getElementById("faceValue").value;
var marketPriceInput = document.getElementById("marketPrice").value;
var couponRateInput = document.getElementById("couponRate").value;
var yearsInput = document.getElementById("yearsToMaturity").value;
// 2. Parse values to floats
var faceValue = parseFloat(faceValueInput);
var marketPrice = parseFloat(marketPriceInput);
var couponRate = parseFloat(couponRateInput);
var years = parseFloat(yearsInput);
// 3. Validation
var errorDisplay = document.getElementById("errorDisplay");
var resultsSection = document.getElementById("resultsSection");
if (isNaN(faceValue) || isNaN(marketPrice) || isNaN(couponRate) || isNaN(years) ||
faceValue <= 0 || marketPrice <= 0 || years <= 0 || couponRate < 0) {
errorDisplay.style.display = "block";
resultsSection.style.display = "none";
return;
}
errorDisplay.style.display = "none";
// 4. Calculate Annual Coupon Payment
// Coupon Payment = Face Value * (Coupon Rate / 100)
var annualCouponPayment = faceValue * (couponRate / 100);
// 5. Calculate Current Yield
// Current Yield = (Annual Coupon Payment / Market Price) * 100
var currentYield = (annualCouponPayment / marketPrice) * 100;
// 6. Calculate Approximate Yield to Maturity (YTM)
// Formula: (Annual Coupon + ((Face Value – Market Price) / Years)) / ((Face Value + Market Price) / 2)
var numerator = annualCouponPayment + ((faceValue – marketPrice) / years);
var denominator = (faceValue + marketPrice) / 2;
var ytm = (numerator / denominator) * 100;
// 7. Display Results
document.getElementById("resAnnualCoupon").innerText = "$" + annualCouponPayment.toLocaleString('en-US', {minimumFractionDigits: 2, maximumFractionDigits: 2});
document.getElementById("resCurrentYield").innerText = currentYield.toFixed(2) + "%";
document.getElementById("resYTM").innerText = ytm.toFixed(2) + "%";
resultsSection.style.display = "block";
}