Calculate your estimated federal income tax based on your filing status, taxable income, and the relevant tax brackets.
Single
Married Filing Jointly
Married Filing Separately
Head of Household
Your Estimated Federal Income Tax:
$0.00
Your Effective Tax Rate:
0.00%
Understanding Federal Income Tax Calculation
Federal income tax is a progressive tax, meaning that higher earners pay a larger percentage of their income in taxes. The U.S. uses a system of tax brackets, where different portions of your income are taxed at different rates. To calculate your federal income tax, you first need to determine your taxable income. This is typically your gross income minus deductions (like the standard deduction or itemized deductions).
How the Calculation Works
The calculation involves applying the tax rates for the corresponding tax year's brackets to portions of your taxable income. Our calculator uses the 2023 tax brackets (as of this writing, these are commonly used for estimation purposes). The rates are applied progressively.
Example Calculation (Single Filer, Taxable Income $75,000):
10% Bracket: On income from $0 to $11,000. Tax = $11,000 * 0.10 = $1,100
12% Bracket: On income from $11,001 to $44,725. Taxable portion = $44,725 – $11,000 = $33,725. Tax = $33,725 * 0.12 = $4,047
22% Bracket: On income from $44,726 to $95,375. Taxable portion = $75,000 – $44,725 = $30,275. Tax = $30,275 * 0.22 = $6,660.50
Total Tax: $1,100 + $4,047 + $6,660.50 = $11,807.50
Tax brackets vary by filing status. Below are the general 2023 brackets. For the most accurate calculation, always refer to the official IRS publications for the current tax year.
Single Filers
10%: $0 to $11,000
12%: $11,001 to $44,725
22%: $44,726 to $95,375
24%: $95,376 to $182,100
32%: $182,101 to $231,250
35%: $231,251 to $578,125
37%: Over $578,125
Married Filing Jointly
10%: $0 to $22,000
12%: $22,001 to $89,450
22%: $89,451 to $190,750
24%: $190,751 to $364,200
32%: $364,201 to $462,500
35%: $462,501 to $693,750
37%: Over $693,750
Married Filing Separately
10%: $0 to $11,000
12%: $11,001 to $44,725
22%: $44,726 to $95,375
24%: $95,376 to $182,100
32%: $182,101 to $231,250
35%: $231,251 to $346,875
37%: Over $346,875
Head of Household
10%: $0 to $15,700
12%: $15,701 to $59,850
22%: $59,851 to $95,350
24%: $95,351 to $182,100
32%: $182,101 to $231,250
35%: $231,251 to $578,125
37%: Over $578,125
Disclaimer
This calculator provides an estimation based on provided inputs and 2023 tax brackets. It does not account for all potential tax credits, deductions, alternative minimum tax (AMT), state income taxes, or other complexities of tax law. Consult with a qualified tax professional for personalized advice.
function calculateTax() {
var taxableIncome = parseFloat(document.getElementById("taxableIncome").value);
var filingStatus = document.getElementById("filingStatus").value;
var totalTax = 0;
var effectiveTaxRate = 0;
// Check if taxableIncome is a valid number
if (isNaN(taxableIncome) || taxableIncome < 0) {
alert("Please enter a valid taxable income amount.");
document.querySelector("#result .result-value:nth-of-type(1)").textContent = "$0.00";
document.querySelector("#result .result-value:nth-of-type(2)").textContent = "0.00%";
return;
}
// Tax Brackets (2023 – subject to change annually)
// Structure: [upper_limit, rate]
var brackets = {};
if (filingStatus === "single") {
brackets = {
11000: 0.10,
44725: 0.12,
95375: 0.22,
182100: 0.24,
231250: 0.32,
578125: 0.35,
Infinity: 0.37
};
} else if (filingStatus === "married_filing_jointly") {
brackets = {
22000: 0.10,
89450: 0.12,
190750: 0.22,
364200: 0.24,
462500: 0.32,
693750: 0.35,
Infinity: 0.37
};
} else if (filingStatus === "married_filing_separately") {
brackets = {
11000: 0.10,
44725: 0.12,
95375: 0.22,
182100: 0.24,
231250: 0.32,
346875: 0.35,
Infinity: 0.37
};
} else if (filingStatus === "head_of_household") {
brackets = {
15700: 0.10,
59850: 0.12,
95350: 0.22,
182100: 0.24,
231250: 0.32,
578125: 0.35,
Infinity: 0.37
};
}
var previousBracketLimit = 0;
var sortedLimits = Object.keys(brackets).map(Number).sort(function(a, b) { return a – b; });
for (var i = 0; i previousBracketLimit) {
var taxableAmountInBracket = Math.min(taxableIncome, limit) – previousBracketLimit;
totalTax += taxableAmountInBracket * rate;
} else {
// Income does not reach this bracket
break;
}
previousBracketLimit = limit;
if (limit === Infinity) break; // Stop if we've processed the highest bracket
}
// Calculate effective tax rate
if (taxableIncome > 0) {
effectiveTaxRate = (totalTax / taxableIncome) * 100;
}
document.querySelector("#result .result-value:nth-of-type(1)").textContent = "$" + totalTax.toFixed(2);
document.querySelector("#result .result-value:nth-of-type(2)").textContent = effectiveTaxRate.toFixed(2) + "%";
}