Cardiovascular disease (CVD) encompasses a range of conditions affecting the heart and blood vessels, including coronary heart disease, stroke, heart failure, and arrhythmias. Estimating an individual's risk of developing CVD over a specific timeframe (often 10 years) is crucial for preventive healthcare. This helps healthcare professionals and individuals make informed decisions about lifestyle modifications and medical interventions.
How This Calculator Works
This calculator is a simplified representation based on common risk factors. Many sophisticated CVD risk calculators (like the Framingham Risk Score or SCORE charts) use complex algorithms that consider specific coefficients for each risk factor. The exact calculation can be proprietary or vary between models.
General Principles of CVD Risk Calculation:
Age: Risk increases significantly with age.
Sex: Historically, men have had a higher risk at younger ages, but women's risk increases substantially after menopause.
Blood Pressure: High systolic blood pressure is a major modifiable risk factor. Treatment for high blood pressure can reduce risk.
Cholesterol Levels: High total cholesterol and a high ratio of total cholesterol to HDL (High-Density Lipoprotein) cholesterol are associated with increased risk. HDL is often referred to as "good" cholesterol, and higher levels are protective.
Smoking: Smoking is a potent risk factor, damaging blood vessels and increasing the likelihood of blood clots.
Diabetes: Diabetes significantly elevates CVD risk due to its damaging effects on blood vessels.
Family History: A history of premature CVD in close relatives can indicate a genetic predisposition.
Interpreting the Results
The result from this calculator provides an *estimated* risk percentage. This is not a definitive diagnosis but a tool to understand potential future risk. Generally:
Low Risk: Typically considered <10% 10-year risk.
Intermediate Risk: Often between 10% and 20% 10-year risk.
High Risk: Usually considered >20% 10-year risk.
Disclaimer: This calculator is for informational purposes only and does not substitute professional medical advice. Consult with a healthcare provider for a comprehensive assessment and personalized recommendations.
function calculateCvdRisk() {
var age = parseFloat(document.getElementById("age").value);
var gender = document.getElementById("gender").value;
var systolicBP = parseFloat(document.getElementById("systolicBP").value);
var cholesterol = parseFloat(document.getElementById("cholesterol").value);
var hdlCholesterol = parseFloat(document.getElementById("hdlCholesterol").value);
var smoking = document.getElementById("smoking").value;
var diabetes = document.getElementById("diabetes").value;
var treatmentForBP = document.getElementById("treatmentForBP").value;
var familyHistory = document.getElementById("familyHistory").value;
var resultDiv = document.getElementById("result");
resultDiv.innerHTML = "; // Clear previous results
// — Input Validation —
var inputs = [age, systolicBP, cholesterol, hdlCholesterol];
var inputIds = ["age", "systolicBP", "cholesterol", "hdlCholesterol"];
for (var i = 0; i < inputs.length; i++) {
if (isNaN(inputs[i]) || inputs[i] = cholesterol && gender === "female") { // HDL should generally be lower than total cholesterol
// This check is more nuanced for males, but for simplicity and common patterns…
resultDiv.innerHTML = "HDL Cholesterol cannot be greater than or equal to Total Cholesterol.";
resultDiv.style.backgroundColor = '#dc3545'; // Error red
return;
}
if (hdlCholesterol >= cholesterol && gender === "male") {
resultDiv.innerHTML = "HDL Cholesterol cannot be greater than or equal to Total Cholesterol.";
resultDiv.style.backgroundColor = '#dc3545'; // Error red
return;
}
if (systolicBP 200) {
resultDiv.innerHTML = "Systolic Blood Pressure seems out of typical range. Please verify.";
resultDiv.style.backgroundColor = '#ffc107';
return;
}
if (age 90) {
resultDiv.innerHTML = "Age is outside the typical range for this model. Results may be less accurate.";
resultDiv.style.backgroundColor = '#ffc107';
// Proceed with calculation, but warn user
}
// — Simplified CVD Risk Calculation Logic (Example – NOT a precise medical model) —
// This is a highly simplified model for demonstration. Real CVD risk calculators use complex
// regression equations (like Framingham, ASCVD, etc.) with specific coefficients.
// The logic below assigns points based on risk factors and then maps these points to a risk percentage.
var riskScore = 0;
// Age points (example scaling)
if (gender === "male") {
if (age >= 30 && age = 40 && age = 50 && age = 60 && age = 70) riskScore += 5;
} else { // Female
if (age >= 30 && age = 40 && age = 50 && age = 60 && age = 70) riskScore += 5;
}
// Systolic BP points (example scaling, consider treatment)
var bpValue = systolicBP;
if (treatmentForBP === "yes") {
bpValue -= 10; // Adjust if treated
}
if (bpValue >= 160) riskScore += 3;
else if (bpValue >= 140) riskScore += 2;
else if (bpValue >= 130) riskScore += 1;
// Total Cholesterol points (example scaling)
if (cholesterol >= 6.5) riskScore += 3;
else if (cholesterol >= 5.7) riskScore += 2;
else if (cholesterol >= 5.2) riskScore += 1;
// Cholesterol Ratio (Total/HDL) points (example scaling)
var cholesterolRatio = cholesterol / hdlCholesterol;
if (cholesterolRatio >= 6.0) riskScore += 3;
else if (cholesterolRatio >= 5.0) riskScore += 2;
else if (cholesterolRatio >= 4.0) riskScore += 1;
// Smoking points
if (smoking === "yes") {
riskScore += 2;
}
// Diabetes points
if (diabetes === "yes") {
riskScore += 2;
}
// Family History points
if (familyHistory === "yes") {
riskScore += 1;
}
// — Map Risk Score to Percentage (Highly Simplified Example) —
// This mapping is illustrative. Real models use logistic regression.
var riskPercentage = 0;
if (gender === "male") {
if (riskScore <= 5) riskPercentage = 2;
else if (riskScore == 6) riskPercentage = 3;
else if (riskScore == 7) riskPercentage = 4;
else if (riskScore == 8) riskPercentage = 5;
else if (riskScore == 9) riskPercentage = 6;
else if (riskScore == 10) riskPercentage = 8;
else if (riskScore == 11) riskPercentage = 10;
else if (riskScore == 12) riskPercentage = 12;
else if (riskScore == 13) riskPercentage = 15;
else if (riskScore == 14) riskPercentage = 18;
else if (riskScore == 15) riskPercentage = 22;
else riskPercentage = 25; // Higher scores indicate higher risk
} else { // Female
if (riskScore <= 4) riskPercentage = 1;
else if (riskScore == 5) riskPercentage = 2;
else if (riskScore == 6) riskPercentage = 3;
else if (riskScore == 7) riskPercentage = 4;
else if (riskScore == 8) riskPercentage = 5;
else if (riskScore == 9) riskPercentage = 6;
else if (riskScore == 10) riskPercentage = 7;
else if (riskScore == 11) riskPercentage = 9;
else if (riskScore == 12) riskPercentage = 11;
else if (riskScore == 13) riskPercentage = 14;
else if (riskScore == 14) riskPercentage = 17;
else if (riskScore == 15) riskPercentage = 20;
else riskPercentage = 23; // Higher scores indicate higher risk
}
// Ensure risk percentage is within a reasonable range (e.g., 1-30% for general population)
riskPercentage = Math.max(1, Math.min(riskPercentage, 30));
resultDiv.innerHTML = "Estimated 10-Year CVD Risk:";
var resultValueSpan = document.createElement("span");
resultValueSpan.textContent = riskPercentage + "%";
resultDiv.appendChild(resultValueSpan);
resultDiv.style.backgroundColor = "var(–success-green)"; // Reset to success green
}