.molar-mass-calculator-container {
font-family: 'Segoe UI', Tahoma, Geneva, Verdana, sans-serif;
max-width: 800px;
margin: 20px auto;
padding: 25px;
border: 1px solid #e0e0e0;
border-radius: 8px;
background-color: #ffffff;
box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05);
}
.molar-mass-calculator-container h2 {
color: #2c3e50;
text-align: center;
margin-bottom: 25px;
font-size: 1.8em;
}
.molar-mass-calculator-container .element-row {
display: flex;
align-items: center;
margin-bottom: 15px;
gap: 10px;
}
.molar-mass-calculator-container .element-row input[type="text"],
.molar-mass-calculator-container .element-row input[type="number"] {
flex: 1;
padding: 10px 12px;
border: 1px solid #ccc;
border-radius: 5px;
font-size: 1em;
box-sizing: border-box;
}
.molar-mass-calculator-container .element-row input[type="text"] {
max-width: 120px; /* Shorter for symbol */
text-transform: capitalize; /* Visual hint, JS handles actual conversion */
}
.molar-mass-calculator-container .element-row input[type="number"] {
max-width: 80px; /* Shorter for quantity */
}
.molar-mass-calculator-container button {
padding: 10px 18px;
border: none;
border-radius: 5px;
cursor: pointer;
font-size: 1em;
transition: background-color 0.3s ease, transform 0.2s ease;
}
.molar-mass-calculator-container button.add-element-btn {
background-color: #28a745;
color: white;
margin-right: 10px;
}
.molar-mass-calculator-container button.add-element-btn:hover {
background-color: #218838;
transform: translateY(-1px);
}
.molar-mass-calculator-container button.calculate-btn {
background-color: #007bff;
color: white;
}
.molar-mass-calculator-container button.calculate-btn:hover {
background-color: #0056b3;
transform: translateY(-1px);
}
.molar-mass-calculator-container .element-row button {
background-color: #dc3545;
color: white;
padding: 8px 12px;
}
.molar-mass-calculator-container .element-row button:hover {
background-color: #c82333;
transform: translateY(-1px);
}
.molar-mass-calculator-container #molarMassResult {
margin-top: 25px;
padding: 15px;
background-color: #e9f7ef;
border: 1px solid #d4edda;
border-radius: 5px;
font-size: 1.2em;
text-align: center;
color: #155724;
font-weight: bold;
}
.molar-mass-calculator-container #molarMassResult.error {
background-color: #f8d7da;
border-color: #f5c6cb;
color: #721c24;
}
.molar-mass-calculator-container .button-group {
display: flex;
justify-content: center;
margin-top: 20px;
gap: 15px;
}
.molar-mass-calculator-container p {
line-height: 1.6;
color: #333;
margin-bottom: 1em;
}
.molar-mass-calculator-container h3 {
color: #2c3e50;
margin-top: 2em;
margin-bottom: 1em;
font-size: 1.4em;
}
.molar-mass-calculator-container ul {
list-style-type: disc;
margin-left: 20px;
margin-bottom: 1em;
color: #333;
}
.molar-mass-calculator-container ul li {
margin-bottom: 0.5em;
}
// Atomic masses of common elements (g/mol)
var atomicMasses = {
"H": 1.008, "He": 4.003, "Li": 6.941, "Be": 9.012, "B": 10.811, "C": 12.011, "N": 14.007, "O": 15.999, "F": 18.998, "Ne": 20.180,
"Na": 22.990, "Mg": 24.305, "Al": 26.982, "Si": 28.086, "P": 30.974, "S": 32.06, "Cl": 35.453, "Ar": 39.948, "K": 39.098, "Ca": 40.078,
"Sc": 44.956, "Ti": 47.867, "V": 50.942, "Cr": 51.996, "Mn": 54.938, "Fe": 55.845, "Co": 58.933, "Ni": 58.693, "Cu": 63.546, "Zn": 65.38,
"Ga": 69.723, "Ge": 72.63, "As": 74.922, "Se": 78.971, "Br": 79.904, "Kr": 83.798, "Rb": 85.468, "Sr": 87.62, "Y": 88.906, "Zr": 91.224,
"Nb": 92.906, "Mo": 95.96, "Tc": 98, "Ru": 101.07, "Rh": 102.91, "Pd": 106.42, "Ag": 107.87, "Cd": 112.41, "In": 114.82, "Sn": 118.71,
"Sb": 121.76, "I": 126.90, "Xe": 131.29, "Cs": 132.91, "Ba": 137.33, "La": 138.91, "Ce": 140.12, "Pr": 140.91, "Nd": 144.24, "Pm": 145,
"Sm": 150.36, "Eu": 151.96, "Gd": 157.25, "Tb": 158.93, "Dy": 162.50, "Ho": 164.93, "Er": 167.26, "Tm": 168.93, "Yb": 173.05, "Lu": 174.97,
"Hf": 178.49, "Ta": 180.95, "W": 183.84, "Re": 186.21, "Os": 190.23, "Ir": 192.22, "Pt": 195.08, "Au": 196.97, "Hg": 200.59, "Tl": 204.38,
"Pb": 207.2, "Bi": 208.98, "Po": 209, "At": 210, "Rn": 222, "Fr": 223, "Ra": 226, "Ac": 227, "Th": 232.04, "Pa": 231.04,
"U": 238.03, "Np": 237, "Pu": 244, "Am": 243, "Cm": 247, "Bk": 247, "Cf": 251, "Es": 252, "Fm": 257, "Md": 258,
"No": 259, "Lr": 262, "Rf": 267, "Db": 268, "Sg": 271, "Bh": 272, "Hs": 277, "Mt": 276, "Ds": 281, "Rg": 280,
"Cn": 285, "Nh": 286, "Fl": 289, "Mc": 290, "Lv": 293, "Ts": 294, "Og": 294
};
function addElementRow() {
var elementRowsDiv = document.getElementById("elementRows");
var newRow = document.createElement("div");
newRow.className = "element-row";
newRow.innerHTML = `
`;
elementRowsDiv.appendChild(newRow);
}
function removeElementRow(button) {
var elementRowsDiv = document.getElementById("elementRows");
var rowToRemove = button.parentNode;
if (elementRowsDiv.children.length > 1) { // Ensure at least one row remains
elementRowsDiv.removeChild(rowToRemove);
} else {
// Optionally clear the last row instead of removing it
rowToRemove.querySelector('.element-symbol').value = ";
rowToRemove.querySelector('.element-quantity').value = '1';
}
}
function calculateMolarMass() {
var totalMolarMass = 0;
var elementSymbols = document.getElementsByClassName("element-symbol");
var elementQuantities = document.getElementsByClassName("element-quantity");
var resultDiv = document.getElementById("molarMassResult");
var errorMessages = [];
if (elementSymbols.length === 0) {
resultDiv.innerHTML = "Please add at least one element.";
resultDiv.className = "error";
return;
}
for (var i = 0; i < elementSymbols.length; i++) {
var symbol = elementSymbols[i].value.trim();
var quantity = parseFloat(elementQuantities[i].value);
if (symbol === "") {
errorMessages.push("Row " + (i + 1) + ": Element symbol cannot be empty.");
continue;
}
if (!atomicMasses.hasOwnProperty(symbol)) {
errorMessages.push("Row " + (i + 1) + ": Unknown element symbol '" + symbol + "'.");
continue;
}
if (isNaN(quantity) || quantity 0) {
resultDiv.innerHTML = "Calculation Error:" + errorMessages.join("");
resultDiv.className = "error";
} else if (totalMolarMass === 0) {
resultDiv.innerHTML = "Please enter valid elements and quantities to calculate molar mass.";
resultDiv.className = "error";
}
else {
resultDiv.innerHTML = "The Molar Mass is: " + totalMolarMass.toFixed(3) + " g/mol";
resultDiv.className = ""; // Clear error class if successful
}
}
Molar Mass Calculator
What is Molar Mass?
Molar mass is a fundamental concept in chemistry that represents the mass of one mole of a chemical substance. A mole is a unit of measurement used in chemistry to express amounts of a chemical substance, defined as exactly 6.02214076 × 1023 particles (atoms, molecules, ions, etc.). This number is known as Avogadro's number.
The molar mass of a compound is the sum of the atomic masses of all the atoms in its chemical formula. It is typically expressed in grams per mole (g/mol).
Why is Molar Mass Important?
- Stoichiometry: Molar mass is crucial for converting between mass and moles in chemical reactions, allowing chemists to predict the amounts of reactants and products.
- Solution Preparation: It's used to calculate the amount of solute needed to prepare solutions of a specific concentration.
- Chemical Analysis: In analytical chemistry, molar mass helps determine the empirical and molecular formulas of unknown compounds.
- Industrial Applications: Essential for scaling up chemical processes, ensuring correct proportions of ingredients in manufacturing.
How to Calculate Molar Mass
To calculate the molar mass of a compound, follow these steps:
- Identify the chemical formula: Determine the types of atoms and their respective quantities in the compound. For example, water is H2O, meaning two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom.
- Find the atomic mass of each element: Look up the standard atomic mass for each element from the periodic table. These values are usually given in atomic mass units (amu), but for molar mass, we use them directly as grams per mole (g/mol).
- Multiply atomic mass by quantity: For each element, multiply its atomic mass by the number of atoms of that element in the chemical formula.
- Sum the results: Add up the masses calculated in the previous step for all elements in the compound. The total sum is the molar mass of the compound.
Examples of Molar Mass Calculation
Example 1: Water (H2O)
- Hydrogen (H): Atomic mass ≈ 1.008 g/mol. There are 2 hydrogen atoms.
- Contribution: 2 × 1.008 g/mol = 2.016 g/mol
- Oxygen (O): Atomic mass ≈ 15.999 g/mol. There is 1 oxygen atom.
- Contribution: 1 × 15.999 g/mol = 15.999 g/mol
- Total Molar Mass (H2O): 2.016 + 15.999 = 18.015 g/mol
Example 2: Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
- Carbon (C): Atomic mass ≈ 12.011 g/mol. There is 1 carbon atom.
- Contribution: 1 × 12.011 g/mol = 12.011 g/mol
- Oxygen (O): Atomic mass ≈ 15.999 g/mol. There are 2 oxygen atoms.
- Contribution: 2 × 15.999 g/mol = 31.998 g/mol
- Total Molar Mass (CO2): 12.011 + 31.998 = 44.009 g/mol
Example 3: Glucose (C6H12O6)
- Carbon (C): Atomic mass ≈ 12.011 g/mol. There are 6 carbon atoms.
- Contribution: 6 × 12.011 g/mol = 72.066 g/mol
- Hydrogen (H): Atomic mass ≈ 1.008 g/mol. There are 12 hydrogen atoms.
- Contribution: 12 × 1.008 g/mol = 12.096 g/mol
- Oxygen (O): Atomic mass ≈ 15.999 g/mol. There are 6 oxygen atoms.
- Contribution: 6 × 15.999 g/mol = 95.994 g/mol
- Total Molar Mass (C6H12O6): 72.066 + 12.096 + 95.994 = 180.156 g/mol