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Rental Property ROI Calculator

Analyze the potential cash flow and return on investment (ROI) for your real estate rental properties.

Purchase Information

Income & Expenses

Please check your inputs. Values must be positive numbers.

Investment Analysis

Monthly Cash Flow
Annual Cash Flow
Cash on Cash ROI
Cap Rate
Net Operating Income (NOI) / Year
Total Cash Needed

Monthly Expense Breakdown

Mortgage Payment (P&I)
Property Taxes
Insurance
Maintenance/Vacancy/HOA
Total Monthly Expenses

Understanding Rental Property Investment Metrics

Investing in rental properties is a proven strategy for building long-term wealth, but success relies heavily on the numbers. This calculator helps investors analyze the profitability of a potential deal by breaking down the most critical metrics: Cash Flow, Cash on Cash Return, and Cap Rate.

1. Monthly Cash Flow

Cash flow is the profit you bring in each month after all operating expenses and mortgage payments are made. It is calculated as:

Gross Rent – (Mortgage + Taxes + Insurance + HOA + Maintenance + Vacancy)

Positive cash flow ensures the property pays for itself and provides passive income. Most investors aim for at least $100-$300 per door in monthly positive cash flow.

2. Cash on Cash ROI

Cash on Cash Return measures the annual return on the actual cash you invested, rather than the total loan amount. It tells you how hard your money is working.

Formula: (Annual Cash Flow / Total Cash Invested) x 100

The "Total Cash Invested" includes your down payment, closing costs, and any immediate renovation costs. A Cash on Cash return of 8-12% is often considered a good target for residential rentals.

3. Capitalization Rate (Cap Rate)

The Cap Rate indicates the rate of return on a property assuming it was purchased entirely with cash. It is useful for comparing the profitability of different properties regardless of financing.

Formula: (Net Operating Income / Purchase Price) x 100

Note that Net Operating Income (NOI) includes income minus operating expenses, but excludes mortgage payments.

Why Factor in Vacancy and Maintenance?

Novice investors often make the mistake of calculating returns based solely on Rent minus Mortgage. However, real life happens. Tenants move out (Vacancy), and toilets break (Maintenance). This calculator allows you to set aside a percentage of monthly rent (typically 5-10%) for these inevitable costs to give you a realistic view of your true bottom line.

function calculateROI() { // Retrieve inputs var price = parseFloat(document.getElementById('purchasePrice').value); var downPaymentPercent = parseFloat(document.getElementById('downPayment').value); var closingCosts = parseFloat(document.getElementById('closingCosts').value); var interestRate = parseFloat(document.getElementById('interestRate').value); var termYears = parseFloat(document.getElementById('loanTerm').value); var monthlyRent = parseFloat(document.getElementById('monthlyRent').value); var annualTax = parseFloat(document.getElementById('annualTax').value); var annualInsurance = parseFloat(document.getElementById('annualInsurance').value); var hoaFees = parseFloat(document.getElementById('hoaFees').value); var maintenancePercent = parseFloat(document.getElementById('maintenance').value); var vacancyPercent = parseFloat(document.getElementById('vacancy').value); // Validation if (isNaN(price) || isNaN(downPaymentPercent) || isNaN(monthlyRent) || price 0) { monthlyMortgage = loanAmount * (monthlyRate * Math.pow(1 + monthlyRate, totalPayments)) / (Math.pow(1 + monthlyRate, totalPayments) – 1); } else { monthlyMortgage = loanAmount / totalPayments; } // 2. Calculate Monthly Operating Expenses var monthlyTax = annualTax / 12; var monthlyInsurance = annualInsurance / 12; var monthlyMaintenance = monthlyRent * (maintenancePercent / 100); var monthlyVacancy = monthlyRent * (vacancyPercent / 100); var totalOperatingExpenses = monthlyTax + monthlyInsurance + hoaFees + monthlyMaintenance + monthlyVacancy; var totalMonthlyExpenses = totalOperatingExpenses + monthlyMortgage; // 3. Calculate Income & Cash Flow var monthlyCashFlow = monthlyRent – totalMonthlyExpenses; var annualCashFlow = monthlyCashFlow * 12; // 4. Calculate Net Operating Income (NOI) // NOI = Income – Operating Expenses (Excludes Mortgage) var monthlyNOI = monthlyRent – totalOperatingExpenses; var annualNOI = monthlyNOI * 12; // 5. Calculate Returns var totalCashInvested = downPaymentAmount + closingCosts; var cashOnCash = 0; if (totalCashInvested > 0) { cashOnCash = (annualCashFlow / totalCashInvested) * 100; } var capRate = 0; if (price > 0) { capRate = (annualNOI / price) * 100; } // Helper to format currency function formatMoney(num) { return '$' + num.toLocaleString(undefined, {minimumFractionDigits: 2, maximumFractionDigits: 2}); } // Helper to format percent function formatPercent(num) { return num.toFixed(2) + '%'; } // Update UI document.getElementById('monthlyCashFlow').innerText = formatMoney(monthlyCashFlow); document.getElementById('annualCashFlow').innerText = formatMoney(annualCashFlow); document.getElementById('cashOnCashROI').innerText = formatPercent(cashOnCash); document.getElementById('capRate').innerText = formatPercent(capRate); document.getElementById('annualNOI').innerText = formatMoney(annualNOI); document.getElementById('totalCashNeeded').innerText = formatMoney(totalCashInvested); document.getElementById('monthlyMortgage').innerText = formatMoney(monthlyMortgage); document.getElementById('monthlyTax').innerText = formatMoney(monthlyTax); document.getElementById('monthlyInsurance').innerText = formatMoney(monthlyInsurance); document.getElementById('monthlyOperating').innerText = formatMoney(hoaFees + monthlyMaintenance + monthlyVacancy); document.getElementById('totalMonthlyExpenses').innerText = formatMoney(totalMonthlyExpenses); // Color coding for cash flow var cashFlowElement = document.getElementById('monthlyCashFlow'); if (monthlyCashFlow >= 0) { cashFlowElement.style.color = '#27ae60'; } else { cashFlowElement.style.color = '#e74c3c'; } } // Initial calculation on load window.onload = function() { calculateROI(); };

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