.calculator-container-wrapper {
font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;
max-width: 800px;
margin: 0 auto;
color: #333;
line-height: 1.6;
}
.calc-card {
background: #f8f9fa;
border: 1px solid #e9ecef;
border-radius: 8px;
padding: 30px;
box-shadow: 0 4px 6px rgba(0,0,0,0.05);
margin-bottom: 40px;
}
.calc-grid {
display: grid;
grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
gap: 20px;
}
@media (max-width: 600px) {
.calc-grid {
grid-template-columns: 1fr;
}
}
.form-group {
margin-bottom: 15px;
}
.form-group label {
display: block;
font-weight: 600;
margin-bottom: 5px;
color: #2c3e50;
}
.form-group input {
width: 100%;
padding: 10px;
border: 1px solid #ddd;
border-radius: 4px;
font-size: 16px;
box-sizing: border-box;
}
.form-group input:focus {
outline: none;
border-color: #3498db;
box-shadow: 0 0 0 2px rgba(52,152,219,0.2);
}
.calc-btn {
background-color: #2ecc71;
color: white;
border: none;
padding: 15px 30px;
font-size: 18px;
font-weight: bold;
border-radius: 4px;
cursor: pointer;
width: 100%;
transition: background-color 0.2s;
margin-top: 10px;
}
.calc-btn:hover {
background-color: #27ae60;
}
.results-box {
background: #fff;
border: 1px solid #ddd;
border-radius: 6px;
padding: 20px;
margin-top: 25px;
display: none;
}
.results-grid {
display: grid;
grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);
gap: 15px;
text-align: center;
}
@media (max-width: 600px) {
.results-grid {
grid-template-columns: 1fr;
}
}
.result-item {
padding: 10px;
background: #f8f9fa;
border-radius: 4px;
}
.result-label {
font-size: 14px;
color: #7f8c8d;
margin-bottom: 5px;
}
.result-value {
font-size: 20px;
font-weight: 700;
color: #2c3e50;
}
.value-green { color: #27ae60; }
.value-red { color: #c0392b; }
.article-content h2 {
color: #2c3e50;
margin-top: 30px;
border-bottom: 2px solid #eee;
padding-bottom: 10px;
}
.article-content p {
margin-bottom: 15px;
}
.article-content ul {
margin-bottom: 20px;
padding-left: 20px;
}
.article-content li {
margin-bottom: 8px;
}
function validateInput(input) {
if (input.value 0 && interestRate > 0) {
var monthlyRate = (interestRate / 100) / 12;
var numberOfPayments = termYears * 12;
// Amortization Formula: M = P [ i(1 + i)^n ] / [ (1 + i)^n – 1]
monthlyMortgage = loanAmount * (monthlyRate * Math.pow(1 + monthlyRate, numberOfPayments)) / (Math.pow(1 + monthlyRate, numberOfPayments) – 1);
}
// 3. Calculate Cash Flow
var totalMonthlyCost = monthlyMortgage + expenses;
var monthlyCashFlow = rent – totalMonthlyCost;
var annualCashFlow = monthlyCashFlow * 12;
// 4. Calculate Net Operating Income (NOI) for Cap Rate
// NOI = Annual Income – Annual Operating Expenses (Excluding Mortgage)
var annualRent = rent * 12;
var annualExpenses = expenses * 12;
var noi = annualRent – annualExpenses;
// 5. Calculate Returns
var cocReturn = 0;
if (downPayment > 0) {
cocReturn = (annualCashFlow / downPayment) * 100;
}
var capRate = 0;
if (price > 0) {
capRate = (noi / price) * 100;
}
// 6. Display Results
var resDiv = document.getElementById('resultsArea');
resDiv.style.display = "block";
// Helper for currency formatting
var fmt = new Intl.NumberFormat('en-US', { style: 'currency', currency: 'USD' });
var pct = new Intl.NumberFormat('en-US', { style: 'percent', minimumFractionDigits: 2, maximumFractionDigits: 2 });
document.getElementById('resCashFlow').innerHTML = fmt.format(monthlyCashFlow);
document.getElementById('resCashFlow').className = "result-value " + (monthlyCashFlow >= 0 ? "value-green" : "value-red");
document.getElementById('resCoC').innerHTML = cocReturn.toFixed(2) + "%";
document.getElementById('resCoC').className = "result-value " + (cocReturn >= 0 ? "value-green" : "value-red");
document.getElementById('resCapRate').innerHTML = capRate.toFixed(2) + "%";
document.getElementById('resMortgage').innerHTML = fmt.format(monthlyMortgage);
document.getElementById('resAnnualNet').innerHTML = fmt.format(annualCashFlow);
document.getElementById('resInvested').innerHTML = fmt.format(downPayment);
// Dynamic Analysis Text
var analysisText = document.getElementById('analysisText');
if (monthlyCashFlow > 100 && cocReturn > 8) {
analysisText.innerHTML = "Result: Great Deal! This property generates positive cash flow and a healthy return on investment.";
} else if (monthlyCashFlow > 0) {
analysisText.innerHTML = "Result: Moderate Deal. The property is profitable, but returns are tight. Ensure your expense estimates are accurate.";
} else {
analysisText.innerHTML = "Result: Negative Cash Flow. This property costs more to hold than it generates in income based on these numbers.";
}
}
Rental Property ROI Calculator
(Taxes, Insurance, Repairs, Vacancy)
Investment Analysis
Monthly Cash Flow
–
Cash on Cash Return
–
Cap Rate
–
Monthly Mortgage
–
Annual Net Income
–
Total Cash Invested
–
Understanding Rental Property ROI
Investing in real estate is one of the most reliable ways to build long-term wealth, but success hinges on the numbers. Unlike stocks, where the market dictates the price, real estate allows investors to force appreciation and generate consistent income. This Rental Property ROI Calculator helps you analyze a potential deal to determine if it meets your investment goals.
Key Metrics Explained
When evaluating a rental property, there are three critical metrics you must understand before making an offer:
- Cash Flow: This is your profit after all expenses. It is calculated as Monthly Rent – (Mortgage + Expenses). Positive cash flow ensures the property pays for itself and provides passive income.
- Cash on Cash (CoC) Return: This metric measures the return on the actual cash you invested (down payment + closing costs), rather than the total loan amount. It tells you how hard your money is working. A CoC return of 8-12% is often considered a solid target for residential rentals.
- Cap Rate (Capitalization Rate): This represents the rate of return on the property based on the income the property is expected to generate, assuming the property was bought with cash. It helps compare properties regardless of financing.
How to Calculate Cash on Cash Return
The formula for Cash on Cash return used in this calculator is:
Cash on Cash Return = (Annual Pre-Tax Cash Flow / Total Cash Invested) × 100%
For example, if you invest $50,000 as a down payment and the property generates $5,000 in net positive cash flow per year, your Cash on Cash return is 10%. This means you earn 10% on your money annually, typically outperforming high-yield savings accounts.
Estimating Expenses Accurately
One of the biggest mistakes new investors make is underestimating expenses. When using the "Monthly Expenses" field above, ensure you include:
- Property Taxes (check local assessor records)
- Landlord Insurance
- Property Management Fees (usually 8-10% of rent)
- Maintenance and Repairs (budget 5-10% of rent)
- Vacancy Reserve (budget 5% to cover time between tenants)
- HOA Fees (if applicable)
Using conservative estimates for expenses will protect you from buying a property that turns into a financial liability rather than an asset.