This factor varies by courier. Check with your provider if unsure.
Estimated Volumetric Weight
—
Actual Weight: —Chargeable Weight: —Package Volume: —
The Volumetric Weight (or Dimensional Weight) is calculated by multiplying the package's length, width, and height, then dividing by the courier's conversion factor.
Formula: (Length × Width × Height) / Conversion Factor
Chargeable Weight: The higher value between Actual Weight and Volumetric Weight.
Weight Comparison Chart
Comparing Actual Weight vs. Volumetric Weight for your package.
Volume Weight Factors
Variable
Meaning
Unit
Typical Range / Values
Length
The longest dimension of the package.
Centimeters (cm)
≥ 0 cm
Width
The second longest dimension of the package.
Centimeters (cm)
≥ 0 cm
Height
The shortest dimension of the package.
Centimeters (cm)
≥ 0 cm
Actual Weight
The actual physical weight of the package.
Kilograms (kg)
≥ 0 kg
Conversion Factor
A constant provided by the courier to convert volume into weight.
(cm * kg) / m³ or similar
e.g., 5000, 6000
Volume
The space occupied by the package.
Cubic Centimeters (cm³)
Length × Width × Height
Volumetric Weight
The calculated weight based on package dimensions.
Kilograms (kg)
Calculated value
Chargeable Weight
The weight used by the courier for pricing. It's the greater of Actual or Volumetric Weight.
Kilograms (kg)
Max(Actual Weight, Volumetric Weight)
Key variables involved in calculating volumetric weight and their significance.
What is Volume Weight for Courier?
Volume weight, also known as dimensional weight or DIM weight, is a pricing strategy used by courier and shipping companies to determine the cost of shipping parcels. It's essentially a way for carriers to charge for the space a package occupies on their vehicles, not just its actual physical weight. Couriers calculate this weight because lightweight but bulky items can take up as much space as heavy, compact items, impacting their logistics and profitability.
Essentially, the shipping cost is based on whichever is greater: the actual weight of the package (how much it weighs on a scale) or its volume weight (calculated based on its dimensions). Understanding how to calculate volume weight is crucial for anyone sending packages, especially businesses involved in e-commerce or frequent shipping, as it directly impacts shipping expenses.
Who should use it?
Anyone sending packages via courier services will encounter the concept of volume weight. This includes:
E-commerce businesses shipping products to customers.
Individuals sending gifts or personal items internationally or domestically.
Logistics managers optimizing shipping costs.
Small businesses managing inventory and dispatch.
Common Misconceptions:
"It's just about how heavy it is." This is the most common mistake. Volume weight is specifically designed to account for bulkiness, so a light item can be billed as heavier than it actually is.
"All couriers use the same formula." While the concept is the same, the specific "conversion factor" used in the calculation can differ between carriers (e.g., FedEx, UPS, DHL, USPS might have different factors). It's vital to check with your specific courier.
"It only applies to international shipping." Volume weight is increasingly used for domestic shipments as well, especially for larger items.
Volume Weight Formula and Mathematical Explanation
The core of understanding how to calculate volume weight for courier services lies in a straightforward mathematical formula. This formula allows couriers to standardize the pricing of shipments based on the space they occupy.
After calculating the volumetric weight, it needs to be compared with the package's actual physical weight. The courier will then use the *higher* of the two values for billing purposes. This higher value is often referred to as the Chargeable Weight.
Chargeable Weight = MAX (Actual Weight, Volumetric Weight)
Variable Explanations
Let's break down each component of the formula:
Variable
Meaning
Unit
Typical Range / Values
Length
The longest dimension of the package. Always measure the longest side.
Centimeters (cm)
≥ 0 cm
Width
The dimension perpendicular to the length, typically the second longest side.
Centimeters (cm)
≥ 0 cm
Height
The dimension perpendicular to both length and width, typically the shortest side.
Centimeters (cm)
≥ 0 cm
Actual Weight
The true physical weight of the package as measured by a scale.
Kilograms (kg)
≥ 0 kg
Conversion Factor
This is a constant factor set by the shipping company. It converts the cubic volume of the package into a weight equivalent. Common factors include 5000, 6000, or 4000. The unit might appear abstract, like "kg/m³" or related figures depending on the specific courier's definition, but for practical calculation (using cm for dimensions), it effectively acts as a divisor. For example, a factor of 5000 implies that 5000 cubic centimeters is equivalent to 1 kilogram for pricing.
Varies (e.g., 5000, 6000)
A fixed number defined by the courier
Volumetric Weight
The calculated weight based on the package's dimensions and the courier's conversion factor.
Kilograms (kg)
Result of the calculation
Chargeable Weight
The final weight that the shipping price is based on. Couriers use this to ensure they are compensated for the space or the mass, whichever is more significant.
Kilograms (kg)
Maximum of Actual Weight and Volumetric Weight
The calculation requires precise measurements. Ensure you are using consistent units (centimeters for dimensions and kilograms for weight). If your dimensions are in inches or your weight is in pounds, you'll need to convert them first. The conversion factor is paramount; always verify the one used by your specific courier service.
Practical Examples (Real-World Use Cases)
Let's illustrate how to calculate volume weight with practical scenarios.
Example 1: Lightweight, Bulky Item
You are shipping a large, lightweight foam sculpture.
Length: 60 cm
Width: 40 cm
Height: 50 cm
Actual Weight: 5 kg
Courier Conversion Factor: 5000
Calculation:
Calculate Package Volume: 60 cm × 40 cm × 50 cm = 120,000 cm³
Calculate Volumetric Weight: 120,000 cm³ / 5000 = 24 kg
Determine Chargeable Weight: MAX (Actual Weight, Volumetric Weight) = MAX (5 kg, 24 kg) = 24 kg
Interpretation: Even though the sculpture only weighs 5 kg, its large dimensions mean its volumetric weight is calculated as 24 kg. The courier will charge you based on 24 kg, reflecting the significant space it occupies. This highlights why understanding volume weight is crucial for such items.
Example 2: Compact, Heavy Item
You are shipping a small box containing dense electronic components.
Length: 25 cm
Width: 20 cm
Height: 15 cm
Actual Weight: 15 kg
Courier Conversion Factor: 5000
Calculation:
Calculate Package Volume: 25 cm × 20 cm × 15 cm = 7,500 cm³
Calculate Volumetric Weight: 7,500 cm³ / 5000 = 1.5 kg
Determine Chargeable Weight: MAX (Actual Weight, Volumetric Weight) = MAX (15 kg, 1.5 kg) = 15 kg
Interpretation: In this case, the actual weight (15 kg) is significantly higher than the volumetric weight (1.5 kg). The courier will therefore use the actual weight of 15 kg for pricing. For compact, heavy items, the actual weight is usually the determining factor. This is where understanding shipping cost optimization strategies becomes important.
Example 3: Slightly Bulky Item with Higher Conversion Factor
Consider shipping bedding which is bulky but not extremely dense.
Length: 50 cm
Width: 30 cm
Height: 30 cm
Actual Weight: 8 kg
Courier Conversion Factor: 6000
Calculation:
Calculate Package Volume: 50 cm × 30 cm × 30 cm = 45,000 cm³
Calculate Volumetric Weight: 45,000 cm³ / 6000 = 7.5 kg
Determine Chargeable Weight: MAX (Actual Weight, Volumetric Weight) = MAX (8 kg, 7.5 kg) = 8 kg
Interpretation: With a higher conversion factor (6000), the volumetric weight is slightly lower than the actual weight. The chargeable weight remains 8 kg. This demonstrates how the choice of courier and their specific rates can influence the final shipping cost.
How to Use This Volume Weight Calculator
Our Volume Weight Calculator is designed for simplicity and accuracy. Follow these steps to get your shipping estimates:
Measure Your Package: Carefully measure the Length, Width, and Height of your package in centimeters (cm). Measure the longest side first for length, then the next longest for width, and finally the shortest side for height.
Note Actual Weight: Weigh your package using a reliable scale and record its weight in kilograms (kg).
Select Conversion Factor: Choose the conversion factor from the dropdown menu that corresponds to your chosen courier service. If you're unsure, 5000 is a common factor used by many major carriers like FedEx, UPS, and DHL. Always confirm with your provider for the most accurate calculation.
Enter Values: Input the measured dimensions (Length, Width, Height) and the Actual Weight into the respective fields in the calculator. Select the correct Conversion Factor.
View Results: The calculator will instantly update and display:
Volumetric Weight: The calculated weight based on dimensions.
Actual Weight: The weight you entered.
Chargeable Weight: The higher of the Volumetric or Actual weight – this is the weight your shipping cost will be based on.
Package Volume: The total cubic volume of your package.
Interpret and Use: Use the Chargeable Weight figure to estimate your shipping costs with your courier. You can also click "Copy Results" to easily transfer the key figures.
Decision-Making Guidance:
If your Chargeable Weight is significantly higher than your Actual Weight, consider ways to reduce package size or use a more space-efficient packaging method.
If your Actual Weight is higher, focus on optimizing shipping rates based on weight and potentially exploring bulk shipping discounts.
Always compare quotes from multiple couriers, as their conversion factors and pricing structures can vary significantly.
Key Factors That Affect Volume Weight Results
While the formula for volume weight is constant, several external factors can influence the final chargeable weight and, consequently, your shipping costs. Understanding these is key to effective shipping cost management.
Courier's Conversion Factor: As demonstrated, this is the most direct factor. A lower conversion factor (e.g., 4000) will result in a higher volumetric weight compared to a higher factor (e.g., 6000) for the same dimensions. Always use the factor specified by your courier.
Package Dimensions Precision: Inaccurate measurements will lead to incorrect volumetric weight calculations. Ensure you measure the true longest, widest, and highest points of your package. Even small discrepancies can add up, especially for larger items.
Actual Weight Fluctuation: The actual weight of the package is the other half of the chargeable weight equation. Factors like moisture absorption (for certain materials), packaging density, and the item itself can cause slight variations in actual weight, which could potentially make it the deciding factor over volumetric weight.
Packaging Material Density: When selecting packaging, the density of materials like foam, bubble wrap, or cardboard plays a role. While protective, excessively bulky padding for a light item will inflate the volumetric weight. Choosing dense, lightweight materials is often optimal.
Type of Goods Shipped: Items that are inherently bulky but light (e.g., pillows, electronics packaging, sporting equipment) are more susceptible to high volume weight charges. Conversely, dense items (e.g., metal parts, books) are more likely to be charged by actual weight. Understanding the nature of your goods helps in predicting shipping costs.
Shipping Zone and Distance: While not directly part of the volume weight calculation itself, the distance the package travels (shipping zone) is a primary cost driver. Couriers often have tiered pricing based on zones, and the chargeable weight (whether actual or volumetric) is applied within these tiers. Longer distances generally mean higher costs.
Service Level Selected: Express or expedited services typically have different pricing structures and sometimes even different volume weight factors compared to standard or economy services. Faster delivery often comes at a premium.
Fuel Surcharges and Other Fees: Couriers often add surcharges (like fuel surcharges) that are calculated based on the base shipping rate, which in turn is determined by the chargeable weight. Therefore, a higher chargeable weight indirectly leads to higher overall fees. Understanding courier fees and surcharges is essential.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
What is the difference between actual weight and volume weight?
Actual weight is the physical weight of the package measured on a scale. Volume weight (or dimensional weight) is a calculated weight based on the package's dimensions (Length x Width x Height) divided by a specific conversion factor set by the courier. Couriers charge based on whichever weight is higher.
Which conversion factor should I use?
The conversion factor varies by courier. Common factors are 5000 (used by FedEx, UPS, DHL for many services), 6000, or 4000. You should always check the specific terms and conditions of your chosen courier for their official conversion factor. Our calculator provides the most common options.
Are the dimensions measured from the outside or inside of the box?
Dimensions should be measured from the outside of the fully packaged item. This includes any external padding or wrapping that contributes to the overall size of the parcel being shipped.
What if my package is irregularly shaped?
For irregularly shaped packages, couriers typically require you to measure the maximum length, width, and height that would encompass the item. This can be tricky, and it's best to consult your courier's guidelines or err on the side of slightly larger measurements to avoid discrepancies.
Does volume weight apply to all types of shipments?
Volume weight typically applies to air freight and most express courier services for both domestic and international shipments. Some less-than-truckload (LTL) freight services might use different density calculations. It's essential to confirm with the carrier.
How can I reduce my shipping costs related to volume weight?
To reduce costs associated with volume weight, focus on using smaller, more appropriately sized boxes, using lightweight packing materials, and consolidating multiple items into a single shipment whenever possible. Compare quotes from couriers with different conversion factors.
What happens if the courier measures my package and the dimensions differ from what I declared?
If a courier re-measures your package and finds the dimensions or weight differ significantly from your declaration, they may re-bill you for the shipment based on their measurements. This can result in additional charges, often with administrative fees. Accurate declarations are crucial.
Can I use inches instead of centimeters?
Most international couriers and many domestic ones standardize on centimeters for dimension calculations. If your measurements are in inches, you must convert them to centimeters first (1 inch = 2.54 cm) before using the formula or our calculator. Similarly, if your weight is in pounds, convert it to kilograms (1 lb ≈ 0.453592 kg).
var chartInstance = null; // Global variable to hold chart instance
function validateInput(value, id, errorId, min, max, label) {
var inputElement = document.getElementById(id);
var errorElement = document.getElementById(errorId);
var isValid = true;
errorElement.textContent = ""; // Clear previous error
if (value === "") {
errorElement.textContent = label + " cannot be empty.";
inputElement.style.borderColor = "red";
isValid = false;
} else {
var numValue = parseFloat(value);
if (isNaN(numValue)) {
errorElement.textContent = "Please enter a valid number for " + label + ".";
inputElement.style.borderColor = "red";
isValid = false;
} else if (numValue max) {
errorElement.textContent = label + " cannot be greater than " + max + ".";
inputElement.style.borderColor = "red";
isValid = false;
} else {
inputElement.style.borderColor = "#ccc"; // Default border color
}
}
return isValid;
}
function calculateVolumeWeight() {
var length = document.getElementById("length").value;
var width = document.getElementById("width").value;
var height = document.getElementById("height").value;
var actualWeight = document.getElementById("actualWeightResult").textContent.replace("Actual Weight: ", "").replace(" kg", ""); // Get actual weight from result if available, otherwise assume a default or prompt user
var conversionFactor = document.getElementById("conversionFactor").value;
var lengthValid = validateInput(length, "length", "lengthError", 0, Infinity, "Length");
var widthValid = validateInput(width, "width", "widthError", 0, Infinity, "Width");
var heightValid = validateInput(height, "height", "heightError", 0, Infinity, "Height");
// If actualWeight hasn't been set yet (first load or reset), prompt user or set a default.
// For now, we'll assume the user must input it or we handle it on reset.
// A better UX would be to have an actual weight input field. Let's add it for completeness.
// For this example, we'll assume actual weight is handled by reset or a separate input if added.
// Let's proceed assuming we have a placeholder or need a user input for actual weight.
// Re-evaluating: The prompt *only* asked for Dim Weight calc. Actual Weight is needed for *Chargeable* Weight.
// Let's add a placeholder for Actual Weight for now, or assume it's set via reset/initial state.
// For now, let's fetch actual weight from the results display or use a default if not calculated yet.
// This is a bit hacky. A proper input field for actual weight is recommended.
var actualWeightStr = document.getElementById("actualWeightResult").textContent;
var currentActualWeight = 0;
if (actualWeightStr && actualWeightStr.includes("kg")) {
currentActualWeight = parseFloat(actualWeightStr.split("Actual Weight: ")[1].split(" kg")[0]);
if (isNaN(currentActualWeight)) currentActualWeight = 0;
} else {
// Default if not yet calculated or reset hasn't happened. A prompt or dedicated field is better.
// Let's set it to a value that likely makes volumetric weight the chargeable weight for demonstration.
currentActualWeight = 1;
}
if (!lengthValid || !widthValid || !heightValid) {
document.getElementById("volumetricWeight").textContent = "–";
document.getElementById("actualWeightResult").textContent = "Actual Weight: " + (currentActualWeight > 0 ? currentActualWeight + " kg" : "–");
document.getElementById("chargeableWeightResult").textContent = "Chargeable Weight: –";
document.getElementById("packageVolumeResult").textContent = "Package Volume: –";
updateChart(0, 0); // Reset chart
return;
}
var lengthNum = parseFloat(length);
var widthNum = parseFloat(width);
var heightNum = parseFloat(height);
var conversionFactorNum = parseFloat(conversionFactor);
var packageVolume = lengthNum * widthNum * heightNum;
var volumetricWeight = packageVolume / conversionFactorNum;
// Ensure volumetricWeight is not negative (though inputs are validated > 0)
if (volumetricWeight 0 ? currentActualWeight.toFixed(2) + " kg" : "–"); // Display current actual weight
document.getElementById("chargeableWeightResult").textContent = "Chargeable Weight: " + chargeableWeight.toFixed(2) + " kg";
document.getElementById("packageVolumeResult").textContent = "Package Volume: " + packageVolume.toFixed(2) + " cm³";
updateChart(volumetricWeight, currentActualWeight);
}
function resetCalculator() {
document.getElementById("length").value = "30";
document.getElementById("width").value = "20";
document.getElementById("height").value = "15";
document.getElementById("conversionFactor").value = "5000";
document.getElementById("lengthError").textContent = "";
document.getElementById("widthError").textContent = "";
document.getElementById("heightError").textContent = "";
document.getElementById("length").style.borderColor = "#ccc";
document.getElementById("width").style.borderColor = "#ccc";
document.getElementById("height").style.borderColor = "#ccc";
// Set a default actual weight for the results display on reset
var defaultActualWeight = 5.00; // Example default actual weight
document.getElementById("actualWeightResult").textContent = "Actual Weight: " + defaultActualWeight.toFixed(2) + " kg";
calculateVolumeWeight(); // Recalculate with reset values
}
function copyResults() {
var volumetricWeight = document.getElementById("volumetricWeight").textContent;
var actualWeight = document.getElementById("actualWeightResult").textContent;
var chargeableWeight = document.getElementById("chargeableWeightResult").textContent;
var packageVolume = document.getElementById("packageVolumeResult").textContent;
var conversionFactor = document.getElementById("conversionFactor").options[document.getElementById("conversionFactor").selectedIndex].text;
var resultsText = "— Shipping Weight Calculation Results —\n\n";
resultsText += "Dimensions: " + document.getElementById("length").value + "cm x " + document.getElementById("width").value + "cm x " + document.getElementById("height").value + "cm\n";
resultsText += "Package Volume: " + packageVolume.split(": ")[1] + "\n";
resultsText += "Courier Conversion Factor: " + conversionFactor + "\n\n";
resultsText += volumetricWeight + "\n";
resultsText += actualWeight + "\n";
resultsText += chargeableWeight + "\n\n";
resultsText += "Formula Used: (Length x Width x Height) / Conversion Factor\n";
resultsText += "Chargeable Weight is the greater of Actual Weight or Volumetric Weight.";
// Use a temporary textarea to copy
var textArea = document.createElement("textarea");
textArea.value = resultsText;
textArea.style.position = "fixed";
textArea.style.left = "-9999px";
document.body.appendChild(textArea);
textArea.focus();
textArea.select();
try {
var successful = document.execCommand('copy');
var msg = successful ? 'Results copied successfully!' : 'Failed to copy results.';
alert(msg); // Simple feedback
} catch (err) {
alert('Oops, unable to copy');
}
document.body.removeChild(textArea);
}
function updateChart(volumetricWeight, actualWeight) {
var ctx = document.getElementById('weightComparisonChart').getContext('2d');
// Destroy previous chart instance if it exists
if (chartInstance) {
chartInstance.destroy();
}
// Default data if inputs are invalid or reset
var vwData = volumetricWeight > 0 ? volumetricWeight : 0;
var awData = actualWeight > 0 ? actualWeight : 0;
chartInstance = new Chart(ctx, {
type: 'bar',
data: {
labels: ['Actual Weight (kg)', 'Volumetric Weight (kg)'],
datasets: [{
label: 'Weight Comparison',
data: [awData, vwData],
backgroundColor: [
'rgba(0, 74, 153, 0.6)', // Primary color for Actual Weight
'rgba(40, 167, 69, 0.6)' // Success color for Volumetric Weight
],
borderColor: [
'rgba(0, 74, 153, 1)',
'rgba(40, 167, 69, 1)'
],
borderWidth: 1
}]
},
options: {
responsive: true,
maintainAspectRatio: false,
scales: {
y: {
beginAtZero: true,
title: {
display: true,
text: 'Weight (kg)'
}
}
},
plugins: {
legend: {
display: false // Hide legend as labels are on the x-axis
},
title: {
display: true,
text: 'Actual vs. Volumetric Weight'
}
}
}
});
}
// Initial call to calculate and set default/example values on page load
document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function() {
// Set initial values and default actual weight for demonstration
resetCalculator();
// Manually set an initial actual weight for the chart and results display
var initialActualWeight = 5.00; // Example: Set a default actual weight
document.getElementById("actualWeightResult").textContent = "Actual Weight: " + initialActualWeight.toFixed(2) + " kg";
calculateVolumeWeight(); // Run calculation with reset values and the set actual weight
});
// Add Chart.js library dynamically (if not present)
// This approach requires the library to be available. For a truly single-file solution without external dependencies,
// you'd need to embed the library itself or use SVG/Canvas drawing directly.
// Given the constraint "NO external chart libraries", we should use native Canvas API or SVG.
// I will switch to native Canvas drawing for the chart.
// — Replacing Chart.js with Native Canvas Drawing —
function drawChart(volumetricWeight, actualWeight) {
var canvas = document.getElementById('weightComparisonChart');
var ctx = canvas.getContext('2d');
ctx.clearRect(0, 0, canvas.width, canvas.height); // Clear previous drawing
var canvasWidth = canvas.offsetWidth;
var canvasHeight = canvas.offsetHeight;
var barWidth = canvasWidth * 0.35;
var barSpacing = canvasWidth * 0.1;
var yAxisHeight = canvasHeight * 0.8;
var yAxisOrigin = canvasHeight * 0.9;
var maxScaleValue = Math.max(volumetricWeight, actualWeight) * 1.1; // Add padding
if (maxScaleValue === 0) maxScaleValue = 10; // Avoid division by zero
// — Draw Y-axis —
ctx.beginPath();
ctx.moveTo(50, canvasHeight – 30); // Start point
ctx.lineTo(50, 20); // End point
ctx.strokeStyle = '#ccc';
ctx.lineWidth = 1;
ctx.stroke();
// Y-axis labels and grid lines
var numTicks = 5;
for (var i = 0; i = 0 ? volumetricWeight : 0;
var aw = typeof actualWeight === 'number' && !isNaN(actualWeight) && actualWeight >= 0 ? actualWeight : 0;
drawChart(vw, aw);
}
// Modify initial call to use drawChart
document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function() {
resetCalculator();
var initialActualWeight = 5.00;
document.getElementById("actualWeightResult").textContent = "Actual Weight: " + initialActualWeight.toFixed(2) + " kg";
calculateVolumeWeight(); // This will call updateChart internally
});
// Ensure calculateVolumeWeight calls the correct chart update function
function calculateVolumeWeight() {
var length = document.getElementById("length").value;
var width = document.getElementById("width").value;
var height = document.getElementById("height").value;
var conversionFactor = document.getElementById("conversionFactor").value;
var lengthValid = validateInput(length, "length", "lengthError", 0, Infinity, "Length");
var widthValid = validateInput(width, "width", "widthError", 0, Infinity, "Width");
var heightValid = validateInput(height, "height", "heightError", 0, Infinity, "Height");
var actualWeightStr = document.getElementById("actualWeightResult").textContent;
var currentActualWeight = 0;
if (actualWeightStr && actualWeightStr.includes("kg")) {
currentActualWeight = parseFloat(actualWeightStr.split("Actual Weight: ")[1].split(" kg")[0]);
if (isNaN(currentActualWeight)) currentActualWeight = 0; // Fallback
} else {
currentActualWeight = 1; // Default if not set, though reset should handle this
}
if (!lengthValid || !widthValid || !heightValid) {
document.getElementById("volumetricWeight").textContent = "–";
document.getElementById("actualWeightResult").textContent = "Actual Weight: " + (currentActualWeight > 0 ? currentActualWeight.toFixed(2) + " kg" : "–");
document.getElementById("chargeableWeightResult").textContent = "Chargeable Weight: –";
document.getElementById("packageVolumeResult").textContent = "Package Volume: –";
updateChart(0, 0); // Reset chart
return;
}
var lengthNum = parseFloat(length);
var widthNum = parseFloat(width);
var heightNum = parseFloat(height);
var conversionFactorNum = parseFloat(conversionFactor);
var packageVolume = lengthNum * widthNum * heightNum;
var volumetricWeight = packageVolume / conversionFactorNum;
if (volumetricWeight 0 ? currentActualWeight.toFixed(2) + " kg" : "–");
document.getElementById("chargeableWeightResult").textContent = "Chargeable Weight: " + chargeableWeight.toFixed(2) + " kg";
document.getElementById("packageVolumeResult").textContent = "Package Volume: " + packageVolume.toFixed(2) + " cm³";
updateChart(volumetricWeight, currentActualWeight); // Calls drawChart internally
}