I Bonds Rates History Chart Calculator

Series I Savings Bond Composite Rate Calculator

Calculation Results

Composite Rate (Annual): 0.00%
Total Interest Earned: $0.00
Value After 5-Year Penalty Check: $0.00
Total Bond Value: $0.00

Understanding I Bonds Rates and Calculations

Series I Savings Bonds are a low-risk investment product offered by the U.S. Treasury that protect your purchasing power from inflation. The interest rate for an I Bond is a "Composite Rate," which is derived from two distinct components: a fixed rate of return and a semiannual inflation rate.

The Composite Rate Formula

The Treasury uses a specific formula to determine the earnings on your bond. It is not a simple addition of the two rates. The formula is:

Composite Rate = [Fixed Rate + (2 x Semiannual Inflation Rate) + (Fixed Rate x Semiannual Inflation Rate)]

Key Factors in I Bond Returns

  • Fixed Rate: This rate is set when you purchase the bond and remains the same for the 30-year life of the bond.
  • Inflation Rate: This rate is adjusted every six months (in May and November) based on changes in the Consumer Price Index for all Urban Consumers (CPI-U).
  • The 5-Year Rule: If you cash in an I Bond before five years, you lose the previous three months of interest as a penalty.
  • Taxation: Interest is subject to federal income tax but exempt from state and local income taxes.

Historical I Bond Rate Chart (Recent Trends)

Issue Dates Fixed Rate Inflation Rate Composite Rate
Nov 2023 — Apr 2024 1.30% 1.97% 5.27%
May 2023 — Oct 2023 0.90% 1.69% 4.30%
Nov 2022 — Apr 2023 0.40% 3.24% 6.89%
May 2022 — Oct 2022 0.00% 4.81% 9.62%

Example Calculation

If you invest $5,000 in a bond with a 1.30% fixed rate and the semiannual inflation rate is 1.48%:

  1. Fixed Rate: 0.013
  2. Inflation Rate: 0.0148
  3. Formula: 0.013 + (2 x 0.0148) + (0.013 x 0.0148)
  4. Result: 0.013 + 0.0296 + 0.0001924 = 0.0427924 or 4.28%
function calculateIBond() { var principal = parseFloat(document.getElementById('principal').value); var fixedRate = parseFloat(document.getElementById('fixedRate').value) / 100; var inflationRate = parseFloat(document.getElementById('inflationRate').value) / 100; var months = parseInt(document.getElementById('monthsHeld').value); if (isNaN(principal) || isNaN(fixedRate) || isNaN(inflationRate) || isNaN(months)) { alert("Please enter valid numbers in all fields."); return; } // Official Treasury Formula for Composite Rate var compositeRate = fixedRate + (2 * inflationRate) + (fixedRate * inflationRate); var compositePercentage = (compositeRate * 100).toFixed(2); // Interest Calculation (Simulated semiannual compounding) // Interest is compounded semiannually var periods = months / 6; var semiannualRate = compositeRate / 2; var finalValue = principal * Math.pow((1 + semiannualRate), periods); var totalInterest = finalValue – principal; // Penalty Calculation (3 months interest if held < 60 months) var penaltyAmount = 0; var displayPenalty = 0; if (months < 60) { // Approximate 3 months of interest penalty penaltyAmount = (finalValue * (compositeRate / 4)); displayPenalty = finalValue – penaltyAmount; document.getElementById('penaltyNote').innerText = "* Note: Since the bond has been held for less than 5 years (60 months), a 3-month interest penalty applies upon withdrawal."; } else { displayPenalty = finalValue; document.getElementById('penaltyNote').innerText = "* No early withdrawal penalty applies as the bond has been held for 5 years or more."; } // Display Results document.getElementById('results-area').style.display = 'block'; document.getElementById('compositeResult').innerText = compositePercentage + "%"; document.getElementById('interestEarned').innerText = "$" + totalInterest.toLocaleString(undefined, {minimumFractionDigits: 2, maximumFractionDigits: 2}); document.getElementById('penaltyValue').innerText = "$" + displayPenalty.toLocaleString(undefined, {minimumFractionDigits: 2, maximumFractionDigits: 2}); document.getElementById('totalValue').innerText = "$" + finalValue.toLocaleString(undefined, {minimumFractionDigits: 2, maximumFractionDigits: 2}); }

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