Margin Calculation Formula

Gross Profit Margin Calculator

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Gross Profit $0.00
Gross Margin 0.00%
Markup 0.00%
Cost-to-Price Ratio 0.00%
Please enter valid positive numbers for both Cost and Revenue. Selling Price must be greater than zero.

Understanding the Margin Calculation Formula

In business finance, understanding the difference between cost, revenue, and profit is vital for sustainability. The profit margin is a percentage that tells you how much of every dollar of sales a company actually keeps in earnings.

The Core Formula

To calculate the gross margin percentage, we use the following mathematical formula:

Margin = ((Revenue – Cost) / Revenue) * 100

Margin vs. Markup: What's the difference?

While often used interchangeably, margin and markup are calculated using different bases:

  • Margin: Calculated based on the Selling Price. It shows profit relative to the total revenue.
  • Markup: Calculated based on the Cost. It shows how much the price is increased above the original cost.

Realistic Example

Imagine you are selling a handcrafted leather wallet. Your expenses to make the wallet (materials, labor, shipping) total $30.00. You decide to sell the wallet for $50.00.

  1. Gross Profit: $50 – $30 = $20
  2. Gross Margin: ($20 / $50) * 100 = 40%
  3. Markup: ($20 / $30) * 100 = 66.67%

In this scenario, your margin is 40%, meaning for every dollar of revenue, you retain $0.40 as profit before overhead expenses.

Why Margin Matters

A healthy margin ensures that a business can cover its operating expenses (like rent, utilities, and marketing) and still have net income remaining. Industries vary wildly; for instance, software companies often have margins exceeding 80%, while grocery stores typically operate on razor-thin margins of 1% to 3%.

function calculateMargin() { var cost = parseFloat(document.getElementById("itemCost").value); var revenue = parseFloat(document.getElementById("itemRevenue").value); var resultsBox = document.getElementById("results-box"); var errorMsg = document.getElementById("error-msg"); if (isNaN(cost) || isNaN(revenue) || revenue <= 0 || cost 0 ? (profit / cost) * 100 : 0; var ratio = (cost / revenue) * 100; document.getElementById("resProfit").innerText = "$" + profit.toLocaleString(undefined, {minimumFractionDigits: 2, maximumFractionDigits: 2}); document.getElementById("resMargin").innerText = margin.toFixed(2) + "%"; document.getElementById("resMarkup").innerText = markup.toFixed(2) + "%"; document.getElementById("resRatio").innerText = ratio.toFixed(2) + "%"; resultsBox.style.display = "block"; }

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