Addition (+)
Subtraction (-)
Multiplication (*)
Division (/)
Power (^)
Square Root (of Value 1)
Logarithm (base 10, of Value 1)
Sine (of Value 1 in degrees)
Cosine (of Value 1 in degrees)
Tangent (of Value 1 in degrees)
Result:
—
Understanding the Science Calculator
This Science Calculator is designed to perform a variety of fundamental mathematical and trigonometric operations commonly used in scientific and engineering disciplines. Unlike simple calculators, it includes functions essential for modeling physical phenomena, analyzing data, and solving complex equations.
Core Operations
The calculator supports basic arithmetic operations:
Addition: Combines two numbers. Formula: a + b
Subtraction: Finds the difference between two numbers. Formula: a - b
Multiplication: Scales one number by another. Formula: a * b
Division: Splits one number into equal parts determined by another. Formula: a / b. Note: Division by zero is undefined.
Advanced Functions
Beyond basic arithmetic, this calculator includes powerful functions:
Power (Exponentiation): Raises a base number to the power of an exponent.
ab (e.g., 52 = 25)
Square Root: Finds the number which, when multiplied by itself, equals the input number.
√(a) (e.g., √(25) = 5)
Logarithm (Base 10): The power to which 10 must be raised to get the input number.
log10(a) (e.g., log10(100) = 2)
Trigonometric Functions (Sine, Cosine, Tangent): These functions relate an angle of a right-angled triangle to the ratios of its sides. The calculator accepts input angles in degrees.
sin(θ), cos(θ), tan(θ) (e.g., sin(90°) = 1)
Use Cases in Science
This type of calculator is indispensable in various fields:
Physics: Calculating projectile motion, wave properties, energy transformations, and forces.
Engineering: Designing structures, analyzing circuits, and modeling fluid dynamics.
Data Analysis: Performing statistical calculations and transformations on datasets.
Chemistry: Calculating reaction rates, concentrations, and equilibrium constants.
Accurate and versatile calculations are the bedrock of scientific discovery and innovation. This calculator provides the tools necessary to perform these essential computations with ease and confidence.
function degreesToRadians(degrees) {
return degrees * Math.PI / 180;
}
function calculate() {
var value1 = parseFloat(document.getElementById("value1").value);
var value2 = parseFloat(document.getElementById("value2").value);
var operation = document.getElementById("operation").value;
var result = "";
if (isNaN(value1) && (operation !== 'sqrt' && operation !== 'log' && operation !== 'sin' && operation !== 'cos' && operation !== 'tan')) {
result = "Error: Please enter a valid number for Input Value 1.";
} else if (isNaN(value2) && (operation === 'add' || operation === 'subtract' || operation === 'multiply' || operation === 'divide' || operation === 'power')) {
result = "Error: Please enter a valid number for Input Value 2 for this operation.";
} else {
switch (operation) {
case "add":
result = value1 + value2;
break;
case "subtract":
result = value1 – value2;
break;
case "multiply":
result = value1 * value2;
break;
case "divide":
if (value2 === 0) {
result = "Error: Division by zero is not allowed.";
} else {
result = value1 / value2;
}
break;
case "power":
result = Math.pow(value1, value2);
break;
case "sqrt":
if (value1 < 0) {
result = "Error: Cannot take the square root of a negative number.";
} else {
result = Math.sqrt(value1);
}
break;
case "log":
if (value1 <= 0) {
result = "Error: Logarithm is undefined for non-positive numbers.";
} else {
result = Math.log10(value1);
}
break;
case "sin":
var angleRadSin = degreesToRadians(value1);
result = Math.sin(angleRadSin);
break;
case "cos":
var angleRadCos = degreesToRadians(value1);
result = Math.cos(angleRadCos);
break;
case "tan":
var angleRadTan = degreesToRadians(value1);
// Check for vertical asymptotes (e.g., 90 degrees, 270 degrees)
var angleDeg = value1 % 180;
if (angleDeg === 90 || angleDeg === -90) {
result = "Error: Tangent is undefined for angles like 90° (+/- n*180°).";
} else {
result = Math.tan(angleRadTan);
}
break;
default:
result = "Error: Invalid operation selected.";
}
}
document.getElementById("result").innerText = result;
}