Science Scientific Calculator

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var currentExpression = ""; function appendToDisplay(value) { currentExpression += value; document.getElementById('display').value = currentExpression; } function clearDisplay() { currentExpression = ""; document.getElementById('display').value = ""; } function insertConstant(constant) { currentExpression += constant; document.getElementById('display').value = currentExpression; } function applyFunction(funcName) { currentExpression += funcName + '('; document.getElementById('display').value = currentExpression; } function factorial(n) { if (n < 0) return NaN; if (n === 0 || n === 1) return 1; var result = 1; for (var i = 2; i <= n; i++) { result *= i; } return result; } function applyFactorial() { try { var value = eval(currentExpression); if (isNaN(value) || !isFinite(value) || value < 0 || Math.floor(value) !== value) { currentExpression = "Error: Invalid for x!"; } else { currentExpression = factorial(value).toString(); } document.getElementById('display').value = currentExpression; } catch (e) { currentExpression = "Error"; document.getElementById('display').value = currentExpression; } } function calculateResult() { try { var result = eval(currentExpression); if (isNaN(result) || !isFinite(result)) { currentExpression = "Error"; } else { currentExpression = result.toString(); } document.getElementById('display').value = currentExpression; } catch (e) { currentExpression = "Error"; document.getElementById('display').value = currentExpression; } }

Scientific Calculator: Your Essential Tool for Complex Calculations

A scientific calculator is an indispensable tool for students, engineers, scientists, and anyone dealing with mathematical problems beyond basic arithmetic. Unlike a standard calculator, it offers a wide range of advanced functions crucial for fields like physics, chemistry, engineering, and advanced mathematics.

Key Features and Functions

This calculator provides the following essential scientific functions:

  • Basic Operations: Addition (+), Subtraction (-), Multiplication (*), Division (/).
  • Powers and Roots: Calculate exponents (xy) and square roots (√).
  • Logarithms: Common logarithm (log, base 10) and natural logarithm (ln, base e).
  • Trigonometric Functions: Sine (sin), Cosine (cos), and Tangent (tan) for angles (note: these functions operate in radians).
  • Mathematical Constants: Pi (π ≈ 3.14159) and Euler's number (e ≈ 2.71828).
  • Parentheses: Use ( ) to define the order of operations, ensuring complex expressions are evaluated correctly.
  • Factorial: Calculate the factorial of a non-negative integer (x!).

How to Use This Calculator

To use the calculator, simply click the buttons to enter numbers and operations. For scientific functions:

  • Numbers and Operators: Click '0'-'9', '.', '+', '-', '*', '/'.
  • Powers (xy): Enter the base, click 'xy', then enter the exponent. E.g., 2 ** 3 for 2 cubed.
  • Square Root (√): Click '√', then enter the number, and close with ')'. E.g., Math.sqrt(25).
  • Logarithms (log, ln): Click 'log' or 'ln', then enter the number, and close with ')'. E.g., Math.log10(100) or Math.log(Math.E).
  • Trigonometric Functions (sin, cos, tan): Click 'sin', 'cos', or 'tan', then enter the angle in radians, and close with ')'. E.g., Math.sin(Math.PI / 6) for sin(30 degrees).
  • Constants (π, e): Click 'π' or 'e' to insert their values.
  • Factorial (x!): Enter a non-negative integer, then click 'x!'. E.g., 5 then x! will give 120.
  • Clear: Use 'C' to clear the display.
  • Calculate: Click '=' to get the result.

Practical Examples

Here are a few examples demonstrating the calculator's capabilities:

  1. Pythagorean Theorem: Calculate the hypotenuse of a right triangle with sides 3 and 4.
    Input: Math.sqrt(3**2 + 4**2)
    Result: 5
  2. Trigonometry: Find the sine of 30 degrees (which is π/6 radians).
    Input: Math.sin(Math.PI / 6)
    Result: 0.5
  3. Logarithms: Calculate the base-10 logarithm of 1000.
    Input: Math.log10(1000)
    Result: 3
  4. Factorial: Calculate 5 factorial.
    Input: 5 then click x!
    Result: 120
  5. Exponential Growth: Calculate e raised to the power of 2.
    Input: Math.E ** 2
    Result: 7.38905609893065 (approximately)

Conclusion

This scientific calculator is designed to simplify complex mathematical computations, making it an invaluable asset for academic pursuits, professional work, and everyday problem-solving in scientific contexts. Master its functions, and you'll unlock a new level of efficiency in your calculations.

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