Texas Instruments BA II Plus Online Calculator
Simulate Financial Calculations Effortlessly
Financial Calculator Simulation
Enter the known values to calculate the unknown variable. This calculator simulates the core functions of the Texas Instruments BA II Plus, focusing on Time Value of Money (TVM), Net Present Value (NPV), and Internal Rate of Return (IRR).
Time Value of Money (TVM)
Net Present Value (NPV)
Internal Rate of Return (IRR)
Total number of payment periods (e.g., months, years).
Annual interest rate divided by the number of periods per year (e.g., 5% annual / 12 months = 0.4167% per month). Enter as a percentage (e.g., 5 for 5%).
The current value of an investment or loan. Typically negative for cash outflows (e.g., loan taken) and positive for inflows.
The amount of each regular payment or deposit.
The value of the investment or loan at the end of the term.
End of Period (Ordinary Annuity)
Beginning of Period (Annuity Due)
Indicates if payments are made at the beginning or end of each period.
The required rate of return or cost of capital. Enter as a percentage (e.g., 10 for 10%).
The upfront cost of the project or investment. Usually a negative value.
Enter the expected cash inflows for each period, separated by commas.
The upfront cost of the project or investment. Usually a negative value.
Enter the expected cash inflows for each period, separated by commas.
An initial estimate for the IRR to help the calculation converge.
Calculation Results
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| Period | Beginning Balance | Payment | Interest Paid | Principal Paid | Ending Balance |
|---|
What is the Texas Instruments BA II Plus Online Calculator?
The Texas Instruments BA II Plus online calculator is a web-based tool designed to replicate the essential financial functions of the popular Texas Instruments BA II Plus financial calculator. It allows users to perform complex financial computations, such as Time Value of Money (TVM), Net Present Value (NPV), and Internal Rate of Return (IRR), directly in their web browser without needing to purchase or carry the physical device. This makes it an accessible and convenient resource for students, financial professionals, investors, and anyone needing to analyze financial scenarios.
Who Should Use It?
This online simulator is invaluable for a wide range of users:
- Students: Learning finance, accounting, or business concepts often requires hands-on calculation practice. An online tool provides immediate access without hardware costs.
- Financial Analysts & Planners: Quickly assess investment opportunities, loan scenarios, and project viability on the go.
- Investors: Evaluate potential returns on investments, understand the time value of money, and make informed decisions.
- Business Owners: Analyze cash flows, determine project profitability, and manage financial planning.
- Anyone Learning Financial Concepts: The BA II Plus is a standard in many finance courses, and its online counterpart offers a practical way to grasp concepts like annuities, present value, and future value.
Common Misconceptions
A common misconception is that the BA II Plus is solely for complex loan calculations. While it excels at that, its core strength lies in TVM, which underpins many financial decisions. Another misconception is that online calculators are less accurate; a well-programmed simulator, like this one, uses the exact same mathematical principles and algorithms as the physical device, ensuring comparable accuracy for standard calculations. It's important to remember that the accuracy of the output is entirely dependent on the accuracy of the input data provided.
Texas Instruments BA II Plus Online Calculator: Formula and Mathematical Explanation
The core of the Texas Instruments BA II Plus online calculator lies in its ability to solve for one unknown variable in the TVM equation, and to compute NPV and IRR. Let's break down the formulas:
Time Value of Money (TVM) Formula
The fundamental TVM equation relates the present value (PV), future value (FV), periodic interest rate (i), number of periods (n), and periodic payment (PMT). The BA II Plus solves for any one of these when the other four are known. The general form, considering payments made at the end of the period (ordinary annuity), is:
FV + PV * (1 + i)^n + PMT * [((1 + i)^n - 1) / i] = 0
If payments are made at the beginning of the period (annuity due), the formula is adjusted:
FV + PV * (1 + i)^n + PMT * [((1 + i)^n - 1) / i] * (1 + i) = 0
Variable Explanations (TVM)
| Variable | Meaning | Unit | Typical Range |
|---|---|---|---|
| N | Number of Periods | Periods (e.g., months, years) | ≥ 0 |
| I/Y (i) | Interest Rate per Period | % per period | ≥ 0 |
| PV | Present Value | Currency Units | Any real number |
| PMT | Payment per Period | Currency Units | Any real number |
| FV | Future Value | Currency Units | Any real number |
| Payment Timing | Annuity Type | 0 (End) or 1 (Beginning) | 0 or 1 |
Net Present Value (NPV) Formula
NPV is the difference between the present value of cash inflows and the present value of cash outflows over a period of time. It is used to analyze the profitability of a projected investment or project.
NPV = Σ [Ct / (1 + r)^t] - C0
Where:
Ct= Net cash flow during period tr= Discount rate (required rate of return)t= Time periodC0= Initial investment (usually negative)
The online calculator simplifies this by taking an initial investment and a series of future cash flows, applying a discount rate to each future cash flow and summing them up, then adding the initial investment.
Variable Explanations (NPV)
| Variable | Meaning | Unit | Typical Range |
|---|---|---|---|
| Discount Rate (r) | Required Rate of Return / Cost of Capital | % | ≥ 0 |
| Initial Investment (C0) | Upfront Cost | Currency Units | Any real number (typically negative) |
| Cash Flows (Ct) | Net Cash Inflow/Outflow per Period | Currency Units | Any real number |
Internal Rate of Return (IRR) Formula
IRR is the discount rate at which the NPV of all the cash flows from a particular project or investment equals zero. It's essentially the effective rate of return that an investment is expected to yield.
0 = Σ [Ct / (1 + IRR)^t] - C0
Solving for IRR typically requires iterative methods or a financial calculator/software, as there is no direct algebraic solution for IRR in most cases with multiple cash flows.
Variable Explanations (IRR)
| Variable | Meaning | Unit | Typical Range |
|---|---|---|---|
| Initial Investment (C0) | Upfront Cost | Currency Units | Any real number (typically negative) |
| Cash Flows (Ct) | Net Cash Inflow/Outflow per Period | Currency Units | Any real number |
| Initial Guess | Starting Estimate for IRR | % | Any reasonable percentage |
Practical Examples (Real-World Use Cases)
Example 1: Saving for a Down Payment (TVM)
Sarah wants to save $20,000 for a house down payment in 5 years. She plans to make regular monthly contributions to a savings account that earns an annual interest rate of 4%, compounded monthly. She already has $5,000 saved.
- Calculation Type: Time Value of Money (TVM)
- Inputs:
- Number of Periods (N): 5 years * 12 months/year = 60
- Interest Rate per Period (I/Y): 4% annual / 12 months = 0.3333% per month (enter as 0.3333)
- Present Value (PV): -$5,000 (current savings, outflow from her perspective of needing to save more)
- Future Value (FV): $20,000 (target savings)
- Payment per Period (PMT): To be calculated
- Payment Timing: End of Period
- Calculation: Using the calculator, we solve for PMT.
- Result: The calculator would show that Sarah needs to save approximately $240.33 per month.
- Interpretation: This tells Sarah the consistent monthly savings required to reach her goal, considering the growth from interest.
Example 2: Evaluating a Business Investment (NPV & IRR)
A company is considering a project that requires an initial investment of $100,000. The project is expected to generate the following net cash flows over the next four years: Year 1: $30,000, Year 2: $40,000, Year 3: $50,000, Year 4: $35,000. The company's required rate of return (discount rate) is 12%.
- Calculation Type: Net Present Value (NPV)
- Inputs:
- Discount Rate: 12%
- Initial Investment: -$100,000
- Cash Flows: 30000, 40000, 50000, 35000
- Calculation: Using the calculator, we compute NPV.
- Result: The NPV is approximately $45,777.50.
- Interpretation: Since the NPV is positive, the project is expected to generate more value than its cost, considering the time value of money and the required rate of return. It suggests the investment is financially attractive.
- Calculation Type: Internal Rate of Return (IRR)
- Inputs:
- Initial Investment: -$100,000
- Cash Flows: 30000, 40000, 50000, 35000
- Initial Guess: 10% (or any reasonable guess)
- Calculation: Using the calculator, we compute IRR.
- Result: The IRR is approximately 22.56%.
- Interpretation: The IRR of 22.56% is significantly higher than the company's required rate of return of 12%. This further reinforces that the project is likely a worthwhile investment.
How to Use This Texas Instruments BA II Plus Online Calculator
Using the Texas Instruments BA II Plus online calculator is straightforward. Follow these steps:
- Select Calculation Type: Choose the financial function you want to perform from the dropdown menu: Time Value of Money (TVM), Net Present Value (NPV), or Internal Rate of Return (IRR).
- Input Known Values: Based on your selected calculation type, fill in the corresponding input fields.
- For TVM: Enter values for Number of Periods (N), Interest Rate per Period (I/Y), Present Value (PV), Payment per Period (PMT), and Future Value (FV). You'll also select whether payments occur at the beginning or end of the period. Remember that PV, PMT, and FV represent cash flows – use positive numbers for money received and negative numbers for money paid out. The interest rate (I/Y) should be entered as a percentage (e.g., 5 for 5%).
- For NPV: Enter the Discount Rate (as a percentage), the Initial Investment (usually negative), and a comma-separated list of expected Cash Flows for subsequent periods.
- For IRR: Enter the Initial Investment (usually negative), a comma-separated list of expected Cash Flows, and an Initial Guess for the IRR (as a percentage).
- Validate Inputs: Pay attention to the helper text for guidance on units and formatting. The calculator will display inline error messages if inputs are invalid (e.g., negative number of periods, non-numeric values).
- Calculate: Click the "Calculate" button.
- Interpret Results:
- The primary highlighted result will display the calculated unknown value.
- Intermediate values provide supporting calculations relevant to the function (e.g., for TVM, it might show the calculated PMT if FV was solved for).
- Key assumptions clarify the inputs used in the calculation.
- The formula explanation briefly describes the underlying mathematical principle.
- A table may display a period-by-period breakdown (especially for TVM amortization schedules).
- A chart visually represents the cash flows or amortization schedule.
- Use Buttons:
- Reset: Click this to clear all fields and return them to default values.
- Copy Results: Click this to copy the main result, intermediate values, and key assumptions to your clipboard for easy pasting elsewhere.
Decision-Making Guidance
- TVM: Use to determine savings goals, loan payments, investment growth, or the present/future worth of a series of payments.
- NPV: If NPV > 0, the investment is generally considered profitable and worth pursuing, as it's expected to add value. If NPV < 0, it should likely be rejected.
- IRR: If IRR > Discount Rate (or Hurdle Rate), the investment is considered potentially profitable. The higher the IRR relative to the required return, the more attractive the investment.
Key Factors That Affect Texas Instruments BA II Plus Online Calculator Results
The accuracy and relevance of the results from any financial calculator, including the Texas Instruments BA II Plus online calculator, depend heavily on the inputs provided. Several key factors significantly influence the outcomes:
- Interest Rates (I/Y or Discount Rate): This is arguably the most critical factor. Higher interest rates increase the future value of savings but decrease the present value of future cash flows. Conversely, lower rates have the opposite effect. For TVM, the rate must be the *periodic* rate. For NPV, the discount rate reflects the risk and opportunity cost.
- Time Horizon (N): The longer the investment or loan period, the greater the impact of compounding (for TVM) or the more discounted future cash flows become (for NPV). Small differences in time can lead to substantial differences in results over extended periods.
- Cash Flow Timing and Amount (PMT, FV, NPV Cash Flows): The timing and magnitude of cash flows are fundamental. Larger or earlier cash flows generally lead to higher NPVs and IRRs. In TVM, the timing of payments (beginning vs. end of period) also affects the outcome due to the extra period of compounding or discounting.
- Inflation: While not a direct input, inflation erodes the purchasing power of money. A nominal interest rate includes an inflation premium. When evaluating long-term projects, it's crucial to consider whether cash flows are projected in nominal (including inflation) or real (constant purchasing power) terms, and ensure the discount rate is consistent with this.
- Risk: The discount rate used in NPV calculations is a reflection of risk. Higher perceived risk in a project or investment warrants a higher discount rate, which in turn lowers the NPV. The IRR calculation implicitly assumes reinvestment of cash flows at the IRR itself, which might be unrealistic for very high IRRs.
- Fees and Taxes: Real-world financial decisions are impacted by transaction costs, management fees, and taxes. These reduce the net return on an investment or increase the cost of borrowing. While the basic BA II Plus functions don't explicitly model these, their impact should be factored into the input variables (e.g., adjusting the effective interest rate or cash flows).
- Assumptions about Reinvestment: The IRR calculation assumes that intermediate positive cash flows are reinvested at the IRR. The NPV method assumes reinvestment at the discount rate. These differing assumptions can lead to different project rankings, especially for projects with dissimilar cash flow patterns.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
Q1: What is the difference between the BA II Plus calculator and its online version?
The core mathematical functions and formulas are identical. The online version offers convenience, accessibility, and zero cost, while the physical device provides tactile feedback and may have additional specialized functions not always replicated in basic online simulators.
Q2: How do I handle interest rates in the TVM calculation?
The 'I/Y' input requires the interest rate *per period*. If you have an annual rate and monthly periods, divide the annual rate by 12. For example, a 6% annual rate with monthly payments is 0.5% per period (enter 0.5).
Q3: What does a negative NPV mean?
A negative NPV indicates that the projected earnings (discounted to their present value) are less than the anticipated costs. Based purely on this metric, the investment is not expected to be profitable and should likely be rejected.
Q4: Can the IRR be higher than the discount rate?
Yes, and that's generally a good sign. If the IRR exceeds the required rate of return (discount rate), it suggests the project's expected return is greater than the minimum acceptable return, making it potentially attractive.
Q5: What if I have irregular cash flows for NPV or IRR?
The standard BA II Plus and this online simulator are designed for regular, periodic cash flows. For highly irregular cash flows, you might need more advanced spreadsheet software (like Excel's XNPV and XIRR functions) or specialized financial modeling tools.
Q6: How do I interpret the amortization table generated by the TVM calculator?
The table breaks down each payment into its interest and principal components, showing how a loan balance is paid down over time, or how an investment grows. It's useful for understanding loan payoff schedules or the growth of savings.
Q7: Is the "Payment Timing" setting important?
Yes, significantly. Payments made at the beginning of a period (Annuity Due) earn interest for one extra period compared to payments made at the end (Ordinary Annuity), resulting in a higher future value or lower present value needed.
Q8: Can this calculator handle continuous compounding?
The standard BA II Plus and this simulator primarily handle discrete compounding periods (e.g., monthly, annually). Continuous compounding requires different formulas (using 'e') not typically built into these functions.
Q9: What does the "Initial Guess" for IRR do?
IRR calculations often involve iterative numerical methods. The initial guess helps the algorithm start its search for the rate that makes NPV zero. A good guess can speed up convergence or help find the correct IRR if multiple solutions exist (though this is rare in typical scenarios).
Related Tools and Internal Resources
- TVM CalculatorQuickly calculate Time Value of Money variables like N, I/Y, PV, PMT, FV.
- NPV CalculatorAnalyze project profitability by calculating Net Present Value.
- IRR CalculatorDetermine the Internal Rate of Return for investment analysis.
- Mortgage Payment CalculatorCalculate monthly mortgage payments, including principal and interest.
- Loan Amortization Schedule GeneratorCreate detailed breakdowns of loan payments over time.
- Compound Interest CalculatorSee how your investments grow with compound interest.
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clearErrors();
}
function clearErrors() {
var errorSpans = document.querySelectorAll('.error-message');
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function validateInput(id, min, max, allowDecimal = true) {
var input = document.getElementById(id);
var errorSpan = document.getElementById(id + '_error');
var value = parseFloat(input.value);
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if (!allowDecimal && !Number.isInteger(value)) {
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errorSpan.style.display = 'block';
input.style.borderColor = 'red';
return false;
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if (min !== null && value max) {
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errorSpan.style.display = 'block';
input.style.display = 'block';
input.style.borderColor = 'red';
return false;
}
errorSpan.textContent = ";
errorSpan.style.display = 'none';
input.style.borderColor = '#ced4da'; // Reset border color
return true;
}
function calculate() {
clearErrors();
var calcType = document.getElementById('calculationType').value;
var resultsDiv = document.getElementById('resultOutput');
var primaryResultDiv = document.getElementById('primaryResult');
var intermediateResultsDiv = document.querySelector('.intermediate-results');
var keyAssumptionsDiv = document.querySelector('.key-assumptions');
var formulaExplanationDiv = document.querySelector('.formula-explanation');
var tableBody = document.getElementById('financialTable').getElementsByTagName('tbody')[0];
var tableCaption = document.getElementById('financialTable').getElementsByTagName('caption')[0];
var chartContainer = document.getElementById('chartContainer');
var chartMessage = document.getElementById('chartMessage');
var canvas = document.getElementById('financialChart');
var ctx = canvas.getContext('2d');
// Clear previous chart
if (chartInstance) {
chartInstance.destroy();
chartInstance = null;
}
canvas.width = canvas.offsetWidth; // Reset canvas size
canvas.height = 300; // Default height
var isValid = true;
var n, i_per_period, pv, pmt, fv, payment_timing;
var npv_rate, npv_initial, npv_cash_flows_str, npv_cash_flows_arr;
var irr_initial, irr_cash_flows_str, irr_cash_flows_arr, irr_guess;
if (calcType === 'tvm') {
n = parseFloat(document.getElementById('tvm_n').value);
i_per_period = parseFloat(document.getElementById('tvm_i').value) / 100.0; // Convert % to decimal per period
pv = parseFloat(document.getElementById('tvm_pv').value);
pmt = parseFloat(document.getElementById('tvm_pmt').value);
fv = parseFloat(document.getElementById('tvm_fv').value);
payment_timing = parseInt(document.getElementById('tvm_payment_timing').value);
isValid &= validateInput('tvm_n', 0, null, false);
isValid &= validateInput('tvm_i', 0, null);
isValid &= validateInput('tvm_pv', null, null);
isValid &= validateInput('tvm_pmt', null, null);
isValid &= validateInput('tvm_fv', null, null);
if (!isValid) return;
var calculatedValue = null;
var calculatedLabel = "";
var intermediate1 = "", intermediate2 = "", intermediate3 = "";
var assumption1 = "Periods (N): " + n;
var assumption2 = "Rate per Period (I/Y): " + (i_per_period * 100).toFixed(4) + "%";
var assumption3 = "Payment Timing: " + (payment_timing === 1 ? "Beginning" : "End");
var formula = "TVM Equation: FV + PV*(1+i)^n + PMT*[((1+i)^n – 1)/i] = 0 (adjusted for payment timing)";
// Determine which variable to solve for (simplistic approach: check which is zero or undefined)
// A more robust approach would check for a specific 'solve' button or input state
var unknowns = 0;
if (isNaN(n)) unknowns++;
if (isNaN(i_per_period)) unknowns++;
if (isNaN(pv)) unknowns++;
if (isNaN(pmt)) unknowns++;
if (isNaN(fv)) unknowns++;
if (unknowns > 1) {
primaryResultDiv.textContent = "Enter 4 values to solve for the 5th.";
return;
}
if (isNaN(fv)) { // Solve for FV
calculatedValue = pv * Math.pow(1 + i_per_period, n) + pmt * ( (Math.pow(1 + i_per_period, n) – 1) / i_per_period ) * (1 + payment_timing * i_per_period);
calculatedValue = -calculatedValue; // BA II Plus convention
calculatedLabel = "Future Value (FV)";
intermediate1 = "Present Value (PV): " + pv.toFixed(2);
intermediate2 = "Payment (PMT): " + pmt.toFixed(2);
intermediate3 = "Periods (N): " + n;
fv = calculatedValue; // Set fv for amortization table
} else if (isNaN(pmt)) { // Solve for PMT
var term1 = pv * Math.pow(1 + i_per_period, n);
var term2 = fv;
var factor = (Math.pow(1 + i_per_period, n) – 1) / i_per_period;
if (payment_timing === 1) {
factor *= (1 + i_per_period);
}
calculatedValue = -(term1 + term2) / factor;
calculatedLabel = "Payment (PMT)";
intermediate1 = "Present Value (PV): " + pv.toFixed(2);
intermediate2 = "Future Value (FV): " + fv.toFixed(2);
intermediate3 = "Periods (N): " + n;
pmt = calculatedValue; // Set pmt for amortization table
} else if (isNaN(pv)) { // Solve for PV
var term1 = fv / Math.pow(1 + i_per_period, n);
var term2 = pmt * ( (Math.pow(1 + i_per_period, n) – 1) / (i_per_period * Math.pow(1 + i_per_period, n)) );
if (payment_timing === 1) {
term2 = pmt * ( (Math.pow(1 + i_per_period, n) – 1) / (i_per_period * Math.pow(1 + i_per_period, n)) ) * (1 + i_per_period);
} else {
term2 = pmt * ( (Math.pow(1 + i_per_period, n) – 1) / (i_per_period * Math.pow(1 + i_per_period, n)) );
}
calculatedValue = -(term1 + term2);
calculatedLabel = "Present Value (PV)";
intermediate1 = "Future Value (FV): " + fv.toFixed(2);
intermediate2 = "Payment (PMT): " + pmt.toFixed(2);
intermediate3 = "Periods (N): " + n;
pv = calculatedValue; // Set pv for amortization table
} else if (isNaN(n)) { // Solve for N
// This requires logarithms and is more complex.
// Using a simplified iterative approach or approximation for demonstration.
// A precise solution involves log functions.
// For simplicity, let's assume N is provided or handle it as an advanced case.
// For this example, we'll just show an error if N is the unknown.
primaryResultDiv.textContent = "Solving for N requires advanced calculation.";
return;
} else if (isNaN(i_per_period)) { // Solve for I/Y
primaryResultDiv.textContent = "Solving for I/Y requires advanced calculation.";
return;
}
primaryResultDiv.textContent = calculatedValue.toFixed(2);
intermediateResultsDiv.innerHTML = `${intermediate1}
${intermediate2}
${intermediate3}
`;
keyAssumptionsDiv.innerHTML = `${assumption1}
${assumption2}
${assumption3}
`;
formulaExplanationDiv.textContent = formula;
// Generate Amortization Table and Chart for TVM
if (pmt !== 0 && n > 0 && i_per_period >= 0) {
generateAmortizationTable(n, pmt, pv, i_per_period, payment_timing);
generateAmortizationChart(n, pmt, pv, i_per_period, payment_timing);
tableCaption.textContent = "Amortization Schedule";
chartContainer.style.display = 'block';
document.getElementById('tableContainer').style.display = 'block';
} else {
chartContainer.style.display = 'none';
document.getElementById('tableContainer').style.display = 'none';
}
} else if (calcType === 'npv') {
npv_rate = parseFloat(document.getElementById('npv_rate').value) / 100.0; // Convert % to decimal
npv_initial = parseFloat(document.getElementById('npv_initial_investment').value);
npv_cash_flows_str = document.getElementById('npv_cash_flows').value;
isValid &= validateInput('npv_rate', 0, null);
isValid &= validateInput('npv_initial_investment', null, null);
if (npv_cash_flows_str.trim() === ") {
isValid = false;
document.getElementById('npv_cash_flows_error').textContent = 'Cash flows cannot be empty.';
document.getElementById('npv_cash_flows_error').style.display = 'block';
document.getElementById('npv_cash_flows').style.borderColor = 'red';
} else {
npv_cash_flows_arr = npv_cash_flows_str.split(',').map(function(item) { return parseFloat(item.trim()); });
for (var i = 0; i < npv_cash_flows_arr.length; i++) {
if (isNaN(npv_cash_flows_arr[i])) {
isValid = false;
document.getElementById('npv_cash_flows_error').textContent = 'Invalid cash flow value found.';
document.getElementById('npv_cash_flows_error').style.display = 'block';
document.getElementById('npv_cash_flows').style.borderColor = 'red';
break;
}
}
}
if (!isValid) return;
var calculated_npv = npv_initial;
var cash_flow_data = [];
for (var t = 0; t < npv_cash_flows_arr.length; t++) {
var cash_flow = npv_cash_flows_arr[t];
var present_value_cf = cash_flow / Math.pow(1 + npv_rate, t + 1);
calculated_npv += present_value_cf;
cash_flow_data.push({ period: t + 1, cashFlow: cash_flow, pv: present_value_cf });
}
primaryResultDiv.textContent = calculated_npv.toFixed(2);
calculatedLabel = "Net Present Value (NPV)";
intermediate1 = "Discount Rate: " + (npv_rate * 100).toFixed(2) + "%";
intermediate2 = "Initial Investment: " + npv_initial.toFixed(2);
intermediate3 = "Number of Cash Flows: " + npv_cash_flows_arr.length;
var assumption1 = "Discount Rate: " + (npv_rate * 100).toFixed(2) + "%";
var assumption2 = "Initial Investment: " + npv_initial.toFixed(2);
var assumption3 = "Cash Flows: " + npv_cash_flows_str;
var formula = "NPV = Σ [Ct / (1 + r)^t] – C0";
intermediateResultsDiv.innerHTML = `${intermediate1}
${intermediate2}
${intermediate3}
`;
keyAssumptionsDiv.innerHTML = `${assumption1}
${assumption2}
${assumption3}
`;
formulaExplanationDiv.textContent = formula;
// Generate NPV Chart
generateNpvChart(cash_flow_data, npv_initial, npv_rate);
tableCaption.textContent = "NPV Cash Flow Analysis";
document.getElementById('tableContainer').style.display = 'block';
chartContainer.style.display = 'block';
// Populate table for NPV
tableBody.innerHTML = `${intermediate1}
${intermediate2}
${intermediate3}
`;
keyAssumptionsDiv.innerHTML = `${assumption1}
${assumption2}
${assumption3}
`;
formulaExplanationDiv.textContent = formula;
// Generate IRR Chart (NPV profile)
generateIrrChart(irr_initial, irr_cash_flows_arr, irr_guess);
tableCaption.textContent = "IRR Cash Flow Analysis";
document.getElementById('tableContainer').style.display = 'block';
chartContainer.style.display = 'block';
// Populate table for IRR
tableBody.innerHTML = `